Sources and environmental fate of pyrogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Arctic

Balmer, Jennifer; Hung, Hayley; Yu, Yong; Letcher, Robert J.; Muir, Derek C.G.

doi:10.1016/j.emcon.2019.04.002

Cited by 161 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…These PAHs are mainly emitted into the atmosphere and could occur either in the gaseous phase or bonded to the particulate phase (i.e., mineral dust and salt) (Tobiszewski and Namieśnik, 2012). Owing to their low vapor pressures, the majority of these semivolatile compounds undergoes repeated cycles of volatilization-deposition, travel across long distances and eventually end up in waters, soils and sediments via deposition (AMAP, 2017;Chen et al, 2018;Balmer et al, 2019). The PAHs produced at mid-latitudes could thus reach the Arctic, as shown by modeling studies (Wang et al, 2010;Sofowote et al, 2011).…”

Section: Pah Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding the environmental fate of atmospheric PAHs, Lammel et al (2009) showed via a modeling approach that between 0.5% and 12.8% of the total environmental burden of PAHs might be stored within Arctic ecosystems (i.e., air, soil, vegetation and ocean) depending on the chosen gas/particle partitioning scenario. In addition to the already existing natural PAHs in Arctic soils and sediments, atmospheric deposition of PAHs originating from remote sources, in addition to new local sources such as ship traffic and oil exploration/exploitation, are PAH sources in the CAA (Balmer et al, 2019). PAHs are not easily degraded under natural conditions and are therefore slightly persistent (Pelletier et al, 2008;Haritash and Kaushik, 2009).…”

Section: Environmental Fatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…PAHs are not easily degraded under natural conditions and are therefore slightly persistent (Pelletier et al, 2008;Haritash and Kaushik, 2009). Photooxidation of PAHs is a chemical pathway of degradation, but biological degradation by bacteria, fungi and algae is accepted as the main process (Roslund et al, 2018;Haritash and Kaushik, 2009;Balmer et al, 2019). Because most vertebrates (e.g., fishes, birds and mammals) readily metabolize PAHs, they do not tend to experience biomagnification through the food chain (Xue et Warshawsky, 2005;Haritash et Kaushik, 2009;AMAP, 2017).…”

Section: Environmental Fatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because most vertebrates (e.g., fishes, birds and mammals) readily metabolize PAHs, they do not tend to experience biomagnification through the food chain (Xue et Warshawsky, 2005;Haritash et Kaushik, 2009;AMAP, 2017). However, PAHs could accumulate in benthic species such as clams and mussels (Balmer et al 2019), and these organisms are an important food source for northern communities (Jörrundsdóttir et al, 2014;Rapinski et al 2018). If deposited on land, PAHs could leach through soils or could be transported via water runoff and eventually reach aquatic ecosystems (Wang et al, 2007;Klungsøyr et al, 2010).…”

Section: Environmental Fatementioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

Corminboeuf¹,

Montero‐Serrano²,

St‐Louis³

2021

Preprint

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<p>The concentrations of 23 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; 16 parent and 7 alkylated PAHs) in 113 surface marine sediment samples, 13 on-land sediment samples and 8 subsampled push cores retrieved from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) were calculated. PAHs were extracted via accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and quantified via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The sums of the concentrations 16 PAHs in the surface sediments ranged from 7.8 to 247.7 ng g<sup>-1</sup> (dry weight [dw]) basis). The PAH inputs to the sediments have remained constant during the last century and agree with the results obtained for the surface sediments. Diagnostic ratios indicated that the PAHs in the CAA mainly originate from natural petrogenic sources, with some pyrogenic sources. Temporal trends did not indicate major source shifts and largely indicated petrogenic inputs. Overall, the sediments retrieved from the CAA have low PAH concentrations that are mainly natural.</p>

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Section: Pah Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmental Fatementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmental Fatementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmental Fatementioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

Corminboeuf¹,

Montero‐Serrano²,

St‐Louis³

2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widely distributed environmental contaminants either from anthropogenic and natural sources whose origin can be petrogenic (Pampanin 2017) or pyrogenic (Balmer et al 2019). Most of the combustion by-products present in smoke are PAHs (Khalili et al 1995;Gustafson et al 2008;Bignal et al 2008), a class of compounds with toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic characteristics (Baird et al 2005;Xue and Warshawsky 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Mullus surmuletus from the Catania Gulf (Sicily, Italy): distribution and potential health risks

Bua

Contino

Giuffrida

2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Different specimens of Mullus surmuletus from the Catania Gulf (Sicily) were sampled and analysed for the quantification of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in order to evaluate the distribution of these pollutants and the potential human health risks associated to the consumption of fish. The determined PAHs concentration values ranged from 0.25 to 6.10 ng/g wet weight and the most abundant PAHs detected were lower molecular weight (LMW) compounds with 2 to 3 rings. Relying on the PAHs concentration values, on the consumption data and on the total toxic equivalent (TEQ), the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) was assessed and its calculated value (2.97 × 10−7) is far below the “maximum acceptable risk level” (ARL), suggesting a low potential carcinogenic risk on consuming M. surmuletus for local population. Even though the study shows a quite low contamination level in M. surmuletus, intensive monitoring programmes are still highly needed in order to provide a better picture of the PAHs distribution in Catania Gulf and of the human health risk linked to fish consumption.

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Microsatellite mutation frequencies in river otters (Lontra Canadensis) from the Athabasca Oil Sands region are correlated to polycyclic aromatic compound tissue burden

Gyasi

Curry

Browning

et al. 2022

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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Mining activities in the Athabasca oil sands region (AOSR) have contributed to an increase of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) locally. However, many PACs found in the AOSR, and the combined effects of PAC mixtures have not been evaluated for genotoxicity in wildlife. Here, we examine whether mutation frequencies in AOSR river otters are correlated to PAC tissue burdens. We used single‐molecule polymerase chain reaction (SM‐PCR) to measure the mutant frequency of unstable DNA microsatellite loci in the bone marrow of wild river otters (n = 11) from the AOSR. Microsatellite mutation frequencies were regressed against liver PAC burden (total, low/high molecular weight [LMW/HMW], and parent/alkylated PACs), and to the distances from where the samples were collected to nearby bitumen upgraders. We found that microsatellite mutation frequency was positively correlated with total liver PAC burden. LMW and alkylated PACs were detected at higher levels and had a stronger positive relationship with mutation frequency than HMW (alkylated and parent) PACs. There were no significant relationships detected between mutation frequency and LMW parent PACs or the distance from bitumen upgraders. Furthermore, pyrogenic and petrogenic signatures suggest PACs in animals with high mutation frequencies were associated with combustion processes; although further investigation is warranted, due to limitations of diagnostic ratio determination with biotic models. Our findings support the hypothesis that PACs found in the AOSR increase mutation frequency in wildlife. Further investigation is required to determine if the elevated PAC levels associated with higher mutation frequency are due to natural exposure or elevated human activity.

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Sources and environmental fate of pyrogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Arctic

Cited by 161 publications

References 79 publications

Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Mullus surmuletus from the Catania Gulf (Sicily, Italy): distribution and potential health risks

Microsatellite mutation frequencies in river otters (Lontra Canadensis) from the Athabasca Oil Sands region are correlated to polycyclic aromatic compound tissue burden

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