Sources and Forms of Iron in Nigerian Foods and Effects of Processing on Availability

Akinoso

Food Science & Nutrition

2015

Freezing and thawing are heat transfer processes, involving chemical changes which may greatly affect product quality. Due to sparse literature on freeze–thawed cycles and its effects on soups quality, the effect of freeze–thaw cycles on the nutritional quality of selected Nigerian soups has to be investigated. Soups (Ila, Ewedu, Ogbono, and Kuka) were prepared using standard recipes. The soups were packaged in plastic and aluminum containers, frozen at −20°C, and thawed with microwave oven, hot water (100°C), and at ambient condition for four cycles of 5‐day interval. After each cycle, chemical compositions of the samples were determined using AOAC methods. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at P = 0.05. Moisture, protein, fat, crude fiber, ash, and carbohydrate contents of the freeze–thawed soups were 63.6–88.6%, 3.6–8.8%, 1.0–6.1%, 0.8–1.2%, 1.8–4.6%, and 0.9–15.6%, respectively. Mineral contents were iron (5.0–6.8 mg/100 g), calcium (68.1–190.8 mg/100 g), sodium (144.4–231.7 mg/100 g), potassium (200.4–302.1 mg/100 g), and phosphorus (228.0–337.2 mg/100 g). Vitamins were vitamin A (29.5–59.9 mg/100 g), vitamin B (10.1–36.4 mg/100 g), and vitamin E (28.4–90.2 mg/100 g). Microwave‐thawed plastic soups had limited nutritional losses when compared with other thawing methods, and should not be extended beyond the third cycle because of increasing reduction in fat and protein, indicating deterioration.

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Effect of freeze–thaw cycles on the nutritional quality of some selected Nigerian soups

Akinoso

Food Science & Nutrition

2015

“…The iron contents of the diets ranged from 5.62mg/100g in "Akidi" to 1.11mg/100g in "Akara-Igboro" which were almost similar in comparison to those reported by Amadi [15] on some traditional diets of Southern Nigeria that ranged from 0.21ppm to 6.03mg/100g. The recommended daily allowance for iron is 10mg/day and 15mg/day for men and women respectively which suggest that the selected food can meet the daily dietary requirements for iron [39].This concurs to previous reports that most indigenous foods in Nigeria are rich in iron [45]. Iron deficiency is highly prevalent in most developing countries [46].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Nutritional Composition of Three Selected Traditional Diets: A Case Study of Ngwa People in Abia State, Nigeria

Amadi¹,

Eke²,

Wegwu³

et al. 2018

fst

The consumption and encouragement of indigenous diets could help alleviate malnutrition and mitigate food insecurity in developing countries. In this regard, three Nigerian traditional diets: Akidi (Vigna unguiculata), Akara-Igboro (manihot esculenta), and Ofe-achara (Pennisetum purpureum soup) mixed with Mgbam (baked melon seed) and Garri (Cassva flakes) were evaluated for sensory characteristics, proximate composition, anti-nutrient composition, as well as vitamins, and mineral content using standard methods. Data from the sensory characteristics indicated that Ofeachara mixed with Mgbam and Garri (7.67 ± 0.89) was the most acceptable diet. The proximate analysis also revealed that Ofeachara mixed with Mgbam and Garri was highest in carbohydrate, (55.08 ± 4.66%), Ash (6.67 ± 2.89%) and moisture content (8.41 ± 0.89%) while Akidi was highest in protein (5.91 ± 0.05%) and crude fibre (12.31 ± 0.01%). The anti-nutritional analysis of the diets revealed that Akara-Igboro had the highest phytate (0.40 ± 0.01%), Alkaloid (50.00 ± 1.33%), oxalate (27.28 ± 0.88%) and Cyanogenic glycosides content (1.62 ± 0.12%) when compared to other diets. The vitamin content also showed that Akara-Igboro had the highest concentrations of vitamin B 2 and C (21.67 ± 0.02g/100g and 17.01 ± 0.01g/100g) respectively. The highest level of calcium was found in Ofeachara mixed with Mgbam and Garri (0.08 ± 0.01mg/100g). This study revealed that these traditional diets are crucial sources of important nutrients. Increased consumption of these nutrient-rich diets will mitigate nutrition-related disorders.

“…High level of Iron in the soups might probably due to the ingredients and inclusion of meat which is a source of iron (Onabanjo and Oguntona, 2003). This corresponds to earlier reports that most Nigerian natural foods are rich in iron (Latunde-Dada, 1997). Openheimer (2000) reported that Iron deficiency was extremely common in the developing world, with less than 50 % of the world's population having some degree of deficient iron status based on a wide variety of tests.…”

Section: Effect Of Storage Period On the Mineral Compositions Of Freesupporting

confidence: 88%

Influence of ambient storage condition on the nutritional quality of selected freeze dried instant Nigerian soups

Hrvat. čas. prehrambenu tehnol. biotehnol. nutr. (Online)

Akinoso

2020

Traditional soups are culturally acceptable soups that are rich in nutrients, but conventional preservation methods such as reheating after use and frozen storage diminish their nutrient qualities. Freeze drying is a dehydration method which has a great ability to retain food nutrients, but there is scanty of scientific data on its application to Nigerian soups preservation. Soups (Ila, Ewedu, Ogbono and Kuka) were prepared using standard recipes, freeze-dried, packaged in polyvinylchloride and stored at ambient condition for 8 weeks. Moisture, protein, fat, crude fibre, ash, carbohydrate, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus and vitamins were determined at 14 days interval using standard methods. Data were analysed using ANOVA at p = 0.05. Moisture, protein, fat, crude fibre, ash and carbohydrate contents of the soups ranged from 6.33-7.57%, 25.93-43.86 %, 7.19-43.86 %, 13.52-17.16 %, 8.45-10.80 % and 0.65-27.97 % respectively. Iron, calcium, sodium, potassium and phosphorus varied from 9.26-13.47 mg/100g, 73.57-245.23 mg/100g, 150.78-281.72 mg/100g, 209.22-352.07 mg/100g and 286.18-363.52 mg/100g respectively. The predominant vitamins (mg/100g) were A (66.69-137.49), B (22.73-88.74) and E (64.20-207.23). Freeze-drying reduced soups moisture contents by 90.0-90.8 %, thus increased the concentrations of other constituents. The nutrients quality of the freeze dried soups was well maintained for a storage period of two months, but cannot be further guaranteed due to slight decrease in their fat contents which indicates an increase in lipid oxidation.