Sources and Levels of Stress in Relation to Locus of Control and Self Esteem in University Students

Students perceived stress in academic programs: Consequences for its management

“…Personal financial difficulties were a perceived stress risk factor, which is in agreement with the evidence of low socio-economic status strongly associated with mental disorder [48]. The present study does not confirm a higher perceived stress risk in female students if trait anxiety was adjusted for [1,3,49,50]. This may be driven by a high trait anxiety preferentially present among females.…”

“…In addition, medicine and dentistry students were likely to have different profiles compared to students attending other academic courses because of a high selection at the end of the first year. In addition to trait anxiety and coping strategies, collecting demographic data, socio-economic status, stress triggers, substance use and psychological care allowed adjustment for major confounding factors [1], which was technically possible due to a large sample size. Age and gender were adjusted in all models.…”

“…Within this population, stress is a critical issue: most students (52 to 75%) report an intermediate or a high level of stress [1][2][3][4] which may impair health [2,[5][6][7][8]. Academic stress contributes to the deterioration of the students' quality of life and causes drug abuse and academic failure [4,[9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

“…Life and education related stressor events known as stressors in students [1,30,31] were collected with the question: ''Here are some sources of stress. Read each proposition, then, on the 6-point scale on the right-hand side, tick the cell which best describes your situation during the last 2 months.''…”

Societal pessimism in Japan, the United States, and The Netherlands

“…Because of differences in size, compared to their municipal governments, citizens, of course, have relatively less influence over their federal or national governments compared to their municipalities (Dahl and Tufte, 1973). Therefore, when municipal governments or state governments merge or their prerogatives are encroached upon by the federal government or when the state itself is becoming weaker due to globalization in general and the emergence of supranational structures, people feel less and less in control over their country and, as a considerable amount of research has substantiated, when people feel that they are no longer in control over their own future they become apprehensive and anxious (Abouserie, 1994;Barling and Kelloway, 1996;Rapee et al 1996).…”