Sources and severity of stress in a Southwestern police department

Padilla, Kathleen E.

doi:10.1093/occmed/kqaa018

Cited by 19 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The measurements differ in terms of how they are constructed. Some measurements (e.g., 'Police Stress Questionnaire' (PSQ) (Biggam et al 1997), 'Police Daily Hassles Scale'/ 'Police Daily Uplift Scale' (PDHS/PDUS) (Hart et al 1993;Kanner et al 1981) (Martelli et al 1989;Padilla 2020;Patterson 1992;Slate et al 2007;Spielberger et al 1981;White et al 1985), and 'Police Stress Questionnaire' (PSQ) (Wang et al 2014), include subscales inside the two segments in a manner similar to multidimensional assessment batteries (see Table 5). In the operational segment, we find questions of physical and psychological danger, dealing with domestic violence, and equipment issues.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, police-specific stress measurements have been developed for a variety of purposes ranging from development programs, e.g., the 'Policing Event Scale' (PES) (Brown et al 1999), 'Police Stress Inventory' (PSI) (Pienaar and Rothmann 2003;Pienaar et al 2007) and PSS (Martelli et al 1989;Padilla 2020;Patterson 1992;Slate et al 2007;Spielberger et al 1981;White et al 1985), predicting employees at risk, e.g., 'Police Perceived Stress Survey' (Laufersweiler-Dwyer and Dwyer 2000) or 'Law Enforcement Officer Stress Survey' (LEOSS) (Can et al 2015;Van Hasselt et al 2008, estimating average work distribution, e.g., 'Daily Perceived Stress Level' (Korre et al 2014), to improving knowledge concerning how to cope, e.g., 'Sources of acute stress' (Anshel et al 1997).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The operational demands impinging police work comprise acute (e.g., critical on-the-spot decisions, responding to high-risk calls, high-speed pursuits, missing or nonfunctioning equipment), and chronic stressors (e.g., patrol activities, inactivity and boredom, traffic control activities, help and safety duties, and the ineffectiveness of the judicial or correctional systems). Although rarer in frequency (Berg et al 2005;Hickman et al 2011;Padilla 2020), traumatic events and threats to physical and psychological health are also included in the category of operational demands.…”

Section: Stress In the Police Context And How It Is Measuredmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Scoping Review of Stress Measurements and Psychometry in Police Research

Rabbing

Bjørkelo

Fostervold

et al. 2022

J Police Crim Psych

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Despite a growing body of research, there is no systematic body of evidence that establishes the rigour of existing measures of stress among police. The aim of this scoping review was to investigate (1) the diversity of stress measures used in police research and (2) the psychometric properties of such measures and the ways in which they are utilised. The systematic literature search discovered 16,216 records, which were reduced to 442 records of relevance. A total of 20 qualitative and 422 quantitative studies were found to be relevant, including a total of 129 unique measures, of which the majority showed satisfactory reliability (Cronbach’s alpha ≥ 0.80). The identified measures pertain to four main categories: police-specific, perceived stress, psychological and physiological outcomes (including mood and affect changes), and assessment batteries. The measures have a general tendency to emphasise illness, and police-specific stressors pertain mostly to traditional police work. Measures should be chosen based on the aspect of the stress phenomenon that is to be investigated. This study provides detailed recommendations concerning how to use these measures to advance research concerning stress among police.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stress In the Police Context And How It Is Measuredmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Scoping Review of Stress Measurements and Psychometry in Police Research

Rabbing

Bjørkelo

Fostervold

et al. 2022

J Police Crim Psych

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recent findings also suggest experiences of stress differ by race. Non-white officers experience more occupational stress than white officers (Padila, 2020) and different sources of stress like mistreatment by colleagues (Repasky et al , 2020).…”

Section: Stress In Policingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining police officers’ perceptions of stress: the role of Person−environment fit

Rief

Clinkinbeard

2021

PIJPSM

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PurposeThe purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between officer perceptions of fit in their organization and stress (organizational and operational), overall job satisfaction and turnover contemplation (within the last 6 months).Design/methodology/approachThe authors used cross-sectional survey data from a sample of 832 officers from two Midwest police departments to examine the relationships between fit, stress and work-related attitudes.FindingsPerceived stress and organizational fit were strong predictors of overall job satisfaction and turnover contemplation; organizational fit accounted for the most variation in stress, satisfaction and turnover contemplation. Organizational stress partially mediated the relationship between organizational fit and job satisfaction and organizational fit and turnover contemplation.Research ImplicationsMore research is needed to identify predictors of organizational fit perceptions among police officers.Practical implicationsFindings indicate that agencies should pay close attention to the organizational culture and structure when trying to address issues of officer well-being and retention. Further, the person−environment framework can be a useful tool in examining police occupational outcomes.Originality/valueThe authors findings contribute to research on officer stress by exploring perceptions of organizational fit as a predictor of stress and unpacking how officer stress matters to important work outcomes, including job satisfaction and thoughts of turnover, by considering stress as a mediator between organizational fit and these work outcomes.

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“…Self-identification of stressors, in particular secondary trauma stressors, is difficult. Historically, research on police stress focuses on the consequences of stress (e.g., depression, burnout, and anxiety), stigma, organizational subculture, and coping strategies (Padilla 2020 ; Tucker 2015 ; Queiros et al 2020 ). Very little of the focus has been on prolonged exposure to traumatic events and the subsequent self-identification of negative impacts of individual mental health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Law Enforcement Pathways to Mental Health: Secondary Traumatic Stress, Social Support, and Social Pressure

Daniel

Treece

2021

J Police Crim Psych

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The mental health of law enforcement officers (LEO) is critical to the safety and well-being of the officers and the public they serve. However, LEO face significant on-the-job stressors that undermine mental health, and there is a lot to be learned about when and how LEO seek and enter mental health services. The present study sought to explore variables related to mental health seeking behavior, the role of social engagement and social pressure in the decision to seek mental health services, and the most common pathways into mental health utilized by LEO. A small sample of 86 LEO were recruited from the social media page of a law enforcement nonprofit support organization to take several self-report measures on past mental health service usage and intentions to seek future services, the Inventory of Attitudes Toward Seeking Mental Health Services, the Professional Quality of Life Survey, and a measure of social engagement on mental health topics. Results indicate that while a number of factors are associated with intentions to seek future services, the primary factor in past mental health seeking behavior was secondary traumatic stress. Those who sought mental health services reported higher social engagement and social pressure to seek help. LEO entered mental health services for a variety of reasons and through a variety of provider options, such that no one provider source was preferred. Though the present study was limited by a small sample size, reliance on self-report measures, and occurred during a time of civil unrest that sparked the “defund the police” movement, the results serve as a starting point for understanding the pathways into mental health services for LEO and the roles of secondary trauma and prior mental health service experience.

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Sources and severity of stress in a Southwestern police department

Cited by 19 publications

References 7 publications

A Scoping Review of Stress Measurements and Psychometry in Police Research

A Scoping Review of Stress Measurements and Psychometry in Police Research

Examining police officers’ perceptions of stress: the role of Person−environment fit

Law Enforcement Pathways to Mental Health: Secondary Traumatic Stress, Social Support, and Social Pressure

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