Sources Contributing to Radionuclides in the Environment: With Focus on Radioactive Particles

Salbu, Brit; Skipperud, Lindis; Lind, Ole Christian

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22171-7_1

Radionuclides in the Environment 2015

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22171-7_1

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Sources Contributing to Radionuclides in the Environment: With Focus on Radioactive Particles

Brit Salbu

Lindis Skipperud

Ole Christian Lind

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Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 101 publications

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“…Uranium (U) is present in the environment due to releases from naturally occurring minerals or from anthropogenic sources such as those from the nuclear weapon and fuel cycles including global weapons fallout, U mining, , and nuclear accidents ( e.g ., the Chernobyl accident), depleted U usage including military applications, and some non-nuclear related sources ( e.g ., the catalyst industry) . Historically, assessments of U contamination in the environment have assumed a homogeneous distribution of ionic uranyl species of low molecular mass (LMM, <3 kDa) and have not accounted for the contribution of particles (>0.45 μm) and colloids (1 nm to 0.45 μm) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Synchrotron-Based X-ray Fluorescence Imaging Elucidates Uranium Toxicokinetics in Daphnia magna

et al. 2023

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A combination of synchrotron-based elemental analysis and acute toxicity tests was used to investigate the biodistribution and adverse effects in Daphnia magna exposed to uranium nanoparticle (UNP, 3−5 nm) suspensions or to uranium reference (U ref ) solutions. Speciation analysis revealed similar size distributions between exposures, and toxicity tests showed comparable acute effects (UNP LC 50 :). However, the uranium body burden was 3to 5-fold greater in UNP-exposed daphnids, and analysis of survival as a function of body burden revealed a ∼5-fold higher specific toxicity from the U ref exposure. High-resolution X-ray fluorescence elemental maps of intact, whole daphnids from sublethal, acute exposures of both treatments revealed high uranium accumulation onto the gills (epipodites) as well as within the hepatic ceca and the intestinal lumen. Uranium uptake into the hemolymph circulatory system was inferred from signals observed in organs such as the heart and the maxillary gland. The substantial uptake in the maxillary gland and the associated nephridium suggests that these organs play a role in uranium removal from the hemolymph and subsequent excretion. Uranium was also observed associated with the embryos and the remnants of the chorion, suggesting uptake in the offspring. The identification of target organs and tissues is of major importance to the understanding of uranium and UNP toxicity and exposure characterization that should ultimately contribute to reducing uncertainties in related environmental impact and risk assessments.

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Synchrotron-Based X-ray Fluorescence Imaging Elucidates Uranium Toxicokinetics in Daphnia magna

et al. 2023

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Radioactive particles released to the environment from the Fukushima reactors-Confirmation is still needed

Salbu

Lind

2016

Integr Environ Assess Manag

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After severe nuclear events, a major fraction of refractory radionuclides such as U and Pu are released to the environment in the form of radioactive particles. After the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, Pu isotope ratio signals different from that of global fallout have been reported, indicating that spent fuel particles have been released from the reactors or reactor vessels. Radioactive particles containing (37) Cs and other volatile radionuclides, as well as a series of stable refractory metals (Cs, Fe, Zn, U, etc.), have been identified by several authors claiming that these particles originated from the FDNPP fuel. If so, long-lived radioactive isotopes of the refractory metals should have been identified in these particles. It is therefore most probable that volatile radionuclides released as gases during the accidents have deposited on available surfaces such as fly ash, forming condensation particles during release or transport. If spent fuel particles have been deposited in the FDNPP surroundings, information on particle characteristics influencing ecosystem transport, uptake, and effects is essential for assessing environmental impact and risk. More emphasis should therefore be put on the identification of hot spots in the FDNPP environment followed by the characterization of radioactive particles using nanoanalytical-microanalytical techniques to support environmental monitoring, as recommended in the present study. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:687-689. © 2016 SETAC.

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Natural radioactivity and the associated radiation hazards in archeological pottery and pottery-making clay samples collected from Senjikothamangalam of Villupuram district, Tamil Nadu, India

Tamilarasi¹,

Karthikayini²,

Sathish³

et al. 2023

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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Sources Contributing to Radionuclides in the Environment: With Focus on Radioactive Particles

Cited by 7 publications

References 101 publications

Synchrotron-Based X-ray Fluorescence Imaging Elucidates Uranium Toxicokinetics in Daphnia magna

Synchrotron-Based X-ray Fluorescence Imaging Elucidates Uranium Toxicokinetics in Daphnia magna

Radioactive particles released to the environment from the Fukushima reactors-Confirmation is still needed

Natural radioactivity and the associated radiation hazards in archeological pottery and pottery-making clay samples collected from Senjikothamangalam of Villupuram district, Tamil Nadu, India

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