Sources, distribution and variability of hydrocarbons and metals in atmospheric deposition in an urban area (Paris, France)

Azimi, Sam; Rocher, Vincent; Müller, M.; Moilleron, Régis; Thévenot, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.06.020

Cited by 156 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…The sources of PAHs, either from petrogenic and pyrolytic origin, may be identified by ratios of specific PAH compounds [43][44][45][46]. A ratio between low molecular weight (LMW), two or three rings, and high molecular weight (HMW), four to six rings, higher than 1, dominates in the petrogenic source [43,44].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A ratio between low molecular weight (LMW), two or three rings, and high molecular weight (HMW), four to six rings, higher than 1, dominates in the petrogenic source [43,44]. Some authors [45,46] also suggested that PAH contamination of a petrogenic origin is characterized by phenanthrene/anthracene (PHE/ANT) ratio N10 and fluorine/pyrene (FL/PYR)b 1, while PHE/ANT ratio b10 and FL/PY N1 have been suggested for pyrolytic sources.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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n-Alkanes, PAHs and surfactants in the sea surface microlayer and sea water samples of the Gerlache Inlet sea (Antarctica)

Stortini

Martellini

Bubba

et al. 2009

Microchemical Journal

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oSea surface microlayer (SML) and sea water samples (SSW) collected in the Gerlache Inlet Sea (Antarctica) were analysed for n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The SML is a potential enrichment site of hydrophobic organic compounds compared to the underlying water column. Total concentration ranges of n-alkanes and PAHs (dissolved and particulate) in subsurface water (− 0.5 m depth) were 272-553 ng l − 1 (mean: 448 ng l − 1 ) and 5.27-9.43 ng l − 1 (mean: 7.06 ng l − 1 ), respectively. In the SML, the concentration ranges of n-alkanes and PAHs were 353-968 ng l − 1 (mean: 611 ng l − 1 ) and 7.32-23.94 ng l − 1 (mean: 13.22 ng l − 1 ), respectively. To evaluate possible PAH contamination sources, specific PAH ratios were calculated. The ratios reflected a predominant petrogenic input. A characterisation of surface active substances was also performed on SML and SSW samples, both by gas bubble extraction, and by dynamic surface tension measurements. Results showed a good correlation between n-alkanes, PAHs and refractory organic matter.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

n-Alkanes, PAHs and surfactants in the sea surface microlayer and sea water samples of the Gerlache Inlet sea (Antarctica)

Stortini

Martellini

Bubba

et al. 2009

Microchemical Journal

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“…However, the decreasing heavy metal concentrations along the road with increasing distance to the industry show that traffic is not the primary source for the observed heavy metal contamination. In Bucharest, however, traffic might be the most significant source for heavy metals, especially for lead (Azimi et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metal contamination in the vicinity of an industrial area near Bucharest

Velea

Gherghe

Predicã

et al. 2008

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Background, aim, and scope Heavy metals such as lead are well known to cause harmful health effects. Especially children are particularly susceptible to increased levels of lead in their blood. It is also a fact that lead concentration is increasing in the environment due to increased anthropogenic activity. The risk of heavy metal contamination is pronounced in the environment adjacent to large industrial complexes. In a combined case study, the environmental pollution by heavy metals was related to children's health in the vicinity of an industrial area located 4 km south-east from Bucharest about 2 km east from the nearest townPantelimon. This site includes companies processing different, nonferrous solid wastes for recovery of heavy metals and producing different nonferrous alloys and lead batteries. In this paper, mainly the results of environmental sampling and analyses are summarized. Materials and methods Water, soil, and atmospheric deposition samples were collected from different locations within 3 km from the industrial area. For comparison, samples were also taken from Bucharest. Water samples were filtered (<0.45 μm), extracted by salpetric acid, and quantified by ICP-OES and ICP-MS. Soil samples were dried, sieved (<2 mm), extracted by aqua regia and analyzed by AAS. In order to quantify the atmospheric deposition, three kinds of permanently open collecting pots were used on nine different sites between August and November 2006. Results At most sampling locations, the heavy metal concentrations in soil decrease with increasing distance to the presumably major source of pollution. Highest heavy metal concentrations were found in 10-20 cm soil depths. There were also decreasing heavy metal concentrations for atmospheric deposition with increasing distance to the industrial site. In surface and groundwater samples, traces of zinc, copper and lead were detected. Discussion The heavy metal concentrations in soil were increased in the study area, mostly under legal action limits in low-concern areas (e.g., 1,000 mg Pb/kg dry soil), but often above action limits for high-concern areas (100 mg Pb/kg dry soil) such as populated areas. The soluble lead concentrations in water samples indicate a need for monitoring and assessing water quality in more detail. The results for atmospheric deposition showed increased dust precipitation and heavy metal loads in the study area compared to Bucharest. However, based on mass flow balance calculations, the actual atmospheric deposition of heavy metals must be much lower than it was in the past decades. Conclusions It was shown that highest lead values in water, soil and atmospheric deposition are rather to be found near the investigated industrial site than at the control sites in Bucharest. Our results correspond very well with results that show that children from Pantelimon have significantly increased lead concentrations in their blood compared to children in Bucharest. The increased lead contamination around the investigated industrial area is likely to have

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“…In addition, the dominant species for PM 2.5 are sulfate and ammonium (Chio et al, 2004), while the trace elements found are arsenic, copper, zinc, selenium, lead, bromine, vanadium, and sodium, which can be associated with industrial, agricultural, and vehicular sources (Malm et al, 2000). Finally, the heavy metals in the PM are from industrial source which are the main contributes of such materials to the urban atmosphere (Azimi et al, 2005;Zhang, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Physicochemical Properties of Ambient Particulate Matter of Hot Spots in a Highly Polluted Air Quality Zone

Tsai

Yuan

Hung

et al. 2010

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The SURFER model is seldom used in combination with the CMB model to look for PM 10 hot spots and estimate the contribution of various sources, and this is the aim of the current study. In addition, the hot spots of ambient particulate matter (PM) and their physicochemical characteristics in a highly polluted zone in southern Taiwan were further investigated and compared. The experimental results show that PM 10 concentration in the fall was higher than in spring and summer. Moreover, northern monsoons transported suspended particles from the upwind emission sources to the sampling sites, causing an increase in secondary aerosols such as sulfate and nitrate. The contribution of secondary aerosols in rural areas such as Dai-liao and Chao-zhou (32.1% and 29.9%) and suburban areas like Ren-wu and Lin-yuan (28.7% and 29.0%) were higher than those in urban areas such as Hsiao-kang (20.3%). The higher Fe concentration in Hsiao-kang was attributed to PM emission from steel factories (6.9-7.8%). In this study, the organic carbon/elemental carbon (OC/EC) in PM 2.5 and PM 10 for the five sites were all in the order of Hsiao-kang > Ren-wu > Lin-yuan > Chao-zhou > Da-liao. In fall, farm burns are very common in both Dai-liao and Chao-zhou, and this source contributed approximately 7.3% and 6.3%, respectively, to these results. The seasonal variation of the contribution from vehicle exhausts to PM 10 (13.9-27.5%) at Hsiao-kang was always higher than those at other sites, especially in the fall. The results could provide important information for cost-effective control strategies to improve ambient air quality in hot spot areas.

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Sources, distribution and variability of hydrocarbons and metals in atmospheric deposition in an urban area (Paris, France)

Cited by 156 publications

References 50 publications

n-Alkanes, PAHs and surfactants in the sea surface microlayer and sea water samples of the Gerlache Inlet sea (Antarctica)

n-Alkanes, PAHs and surfactants in the sea surface microlayer and sea water samples of the Gerlache Inlet sea (Antarctica)

Heavy metal contamination in the vicinity of an industrial area near Bucharest

Comparing Physicochemical Properties of Ambient Particulate Matter of Hot Spots in a Highly Polluted Air Quality Zone

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