Sources of aerosol sulphate at Alert: Apportionment using stable isotopes

Norman, Ann‐Lise; Barrie, L. A.; Toom-Sauntry, D.; Sirois, A.; Krouse, H. R.; Li, Shao-Meng; Sharma, Sangeeta

doi:10.1029/1999jd900078

Cited by 124 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Sr is thought to originate primarily from wind-blown soil [Barrie and Barrie, 1990]. It is unlikely that non-marine sulfate in these precipitation samples is derived from soil dust, but it is possible that air masses carrying pollutant sulfate may pass over areas where entrainment of fine dust particles occurs [Norman et al, 1999]. This helps to explain the Sr loading on factor 3 (longrange transport) and may account for its loading on factor 1 (local pollution).…”

Section: Factor Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing sources of precipitation sulfate in eastern Canada using stable isotopes and trace metals

Jamieson¹,

Wadleigh²

2000

J. Geophys. Res.

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Section: Factor Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing sources of precipitation sulfate in eastern Canada using stable isotopes and trace metals

Jamieson¹,

Wadleigh²

2000

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Sea-salt has a δ 34 S value around +21.1‰. Although δ 34 S values ranging from +15 to +22‰ have been suggested for marine biogenic sulfur (Li and Barrie, 1993;McArdle and Liss, 1995;Norman et al, 1999), here we use the value of +15.6 ± 3.1‰ that has been measured over the remote Pacific Ocean (Calhoun et al, 1991). Another significant component of atmospheric sulfur in Hawaii is emissions from the active volcano, Kilauea, which have a δ 34 S value around +0.85‰ (Sakai et al, 1982).…”

Section: Hawaiian Sulfur Sources and Isotopic Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steep spatial gradients of volcanic and marine sulfur in Hawaiian rainfall and ecosystems

Bern

Chadwick

Kendall

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

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• Sources of sulfur in Hawaiian ecosystems were investigated via sulfur isotopes.• Basalt, sea-salt, volcanic and marine biogenic emissions have distinct isotope ratios.• Atmospheric deposition sources of sulfur dominated all but one site investigated.• Steep gradients of marine vs. volcanic atmospheric deposition were found.• Gradients occurred with distance to the coast and elevation. a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Sulfur, a nutrient required by terrestrial ecosystems, is likely to be regulated by atmospheric processes in welldrained, upland settings because of its low concentration in most bedrock and generally poor retention by inorganic reactions within soils. Environmental controls on sulfur sources in unpolluted ecosystems have seldom been investigated in detail, even though the possibility of sulfur limiting primary production is much greater where atmospheric deposition of anthropogenic sulfur is low. Here we measure sulfur isotopic compositions of soils, vegetation and bulk atmospheric deposition from the Hawaiian Islands for the purpose of tracing sources of ecosystem sulfur. Hawaiian lava has a mantle-derived sulfur isotopic composition (δ 34 S VCDT) of − 0.8‰. Bulk deposition on the island of Maui had a δ 34 S VCDT that varied temporally, spanned a range from +8.2 to + 19.7‰, and reflected isotopic mixing from three sources: sea-salt (+ 21.1‰), marine biogenic emissions (+ 15.6‰), and volcanic emissions from active vents on Kilauea Volcano (+ 0.8‰). A straightforward, weathering-driven transition in ecosystem sulfur sources could be interpreted in the shift from relatively low (0.0 to +2.7‰) to relatively high (+17.8 to +19.3‰) soil δ 34 S values along a 0.3 to 4100 ka soil age-gradient, and similar patterns in associated vegetation. However, sub-kilometer scale spatial variation in soil sulfur isotopic composition was found along soil transects assumed by age and mass balance to be dominated by atmospheric sulfur inputs. Soil sulfur isotopic compositions ranged from +8.1 to +20.3‰ and generally decreased with increasing elevation (0-2000 m), distance from the coast (0-12 km), and annual rainfall (180-5000 mm). Such trends reflect the spatial variation in marine versus volcanic inputs from atmospheric deposition. Broadly, these results illustrate how the sources and magnitude of atmospheric deposition can exert controls over ecosystem sulfur biogeochemistry across relatively small spatial scales.Published by Elsevier B.V.

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“…In fact, Alaska generally showed the lowest SO 2− 4 concentrations among Arctic sites (de Caritat et al, 2005). Norman et al (1999) also reported relatively small contributions of anthropogenic SO 2− 4 in snow at Alert (Canada). From this, we propose that the Hg sources in the Arctic snowpack are mainly derived from local lithological erosion and that Arctic Ocean sources are minor contributions.…”

Section: Cation and Anion Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We considered Ca 2+ as one endmember to represent a potential crustal signature, a second endmember with Cl − as a sea salt signature, and a third endmember with SO 2− 4 as a potential anthropogenic signature, i.e., from regional or long-range transport. Since sea salt SO 2− 4 represented on average less than 1.2 % of total SO 2− 4 according to the calculation of Norman et al (1999), we consider SO 2− 4 not indicative of a marine source. The different snow types (surface snow over the tundra, tundra snowpack, and lake snowpack) are presented with different colors in Fig.…”

Section: Cation and Anion Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury in the Arctic tundra snowpack: temporal and spatial concentration patterns and trace gas exchanges

Agnan¹,

Douglas²,

Helmig³

et al. 2018

The Cryosphere

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Abstract. In the Arctic, the snowpack forms the major interface between atmospheric and terrestrial cycling of mercury (Hg), a global pollutant. We investigated Hg dynamics in an interior Arctic tundra snowpack in northern Alaska during two winter seasons. Using a snow tower system to monitor Hg trace gas exchange, we observed consistent concentration declines of gaseous elemental Hg (Hg 0 gas ) from the atmosphere to the snowpack to soils. The snowpack itself was unlikely a direct sink for atmospheric Hg 0 gas . In addition, there was no evidence of photochemical reduction of Hg II to Hg 0 gas in the tundra snowpack, with the exception of short periods during late winter in the uppermost snow layer. The patterns in this interior Arctic snowpack thus differ substantially from observations in Arctic coastal and temperate snowpacks. We consistently measured low concentrations of both total and dissolved Hg in snowpack throughout the two seasons. Chemical tracers showed that Hg was mainly associated with local mineral dust and regional marine sea spray inputs. Mass balance calculations show that the snowpack represents a small reservoir of Hg, resulting in low inputs during snowmelt. Taken together, the results from this study suggest that interior Arctic snowpacks are negligible sources of Hg to the Arctic.

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Sources of aerosol sulphate at Alert: Apportionment using stable isotopes

Abstract: However, in that study the analytical sensitivity was not available to determine the isotopic composition of individual weekly aerosol samples during summer when aerosol concen-11,619

Cited by 124 publications

References 56 publications

Tracing sources of precipitation sulfate in eastern Canada using stable isotopes and trace metals

Tracing sources of precipitation sulfate in eastern Canada using stable isotopes and trace metals

Steep spatial gradients of volcanic and marine sulfur in Hawaiian rainfall and ecosystems

Mercury in the Arctic tundra snowpack: temporal and spatial concentration patterns and trace gas exchanges

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