Sources of bovine tuberculosis in the United States

Tsao, Kimberly; Robbe‐Austerman, Suelee; Miller, Ryan S.; Portacci, Katie; Grear, Daniel A.; Webb, Colleen T.

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2014.09.025

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The most predominant spoligotype pattern found in Morocco is SB0121, belonging to the family BOV 1, this spoligopattern was already reported in Algeria [ 41 ], in Tunisia [ 42 ] and in Spain [ 43 ]. The second most frequent spoligotype was SB0265 which was reported as the second most frequent in the United States from a set of strains collected between 1989 and 2013 [ 44 ], in addition, this spoligotype was isolated in Tunisia from a strain coming from Morocco [ 33 ], and was also reported in many European countries [ 45 , 46 ], as well as in Taiwan [ 47 ]. The spoligopattern SB0120 had the frequency of 11.7% in our sample size and was reported previously in France from a sample originating from Morocco (SITVIT database), it was also reported in many African countries like Algeria [ 41 ], Tunisia [ 42 ] and Zambia [ 48 ] as well as in Argentina and Spain [ 43 , 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of bovine tuberculosis strains in two slaughterhouses in Morocco

Yahyaoui-Azami

Bouslikhane

et al. 2017

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundBovine tuberculosis (BTB) is caused by Mycobacterium bovis, which belongs to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Mycobacterium bovis have been described to be responsible of most cases of bovine tuberculosis. Although M. tuberculosis, M. africanum and non-complex mycobacteria were isolated from cattle.In Morocco, so far, no molecular studies were conducted to characterize the strains responsible of BTB. The present study aims to characterize M. bovis in Morocco.The present study was conducted in slaughterhouses in Rabat and El Jadida. Samples were collected from 327 slaughtered animals with visible lesions suggesting BTB.ResultsA total of 225 isolates yielded cultures, 95% (n = 215) of them were acid-fast (AF). Sixty eight per cent of the AF positive samples were confirmed as tuberculous mycobacteria (n = 147), 99% of these (n = 146) having RD9 and among the latter, 98% (n = 143) positive while 2% (n = 3) negative for RD4A total of 134 samples were analyzed by spoligotyping of which 14 were in cluster and with 41 different spoligotypes, ten of them were new patterns (23%). The most prevalent spoligotypes were SB0121, SB0265, and SB0120, and were already identified in many other countries, such as Algeria, Spain, Tunisia, the United States and Argentina.ConclusionThe shared borders between Algeria and Morocco, in addition to the previous importation of cattle from Europe and the US could explain the similarities found in M. bovis spoligotypes. On the other hand, the desert of Morocco could be considered as an efficient barrier preventing the introduction of BTB to Morocco from West Central and East Africa. Our findings suggest a low level endemic transmission of BTB similar to other African countries. However, more research is needed for further knowledge about the transmission patterns of BTB in Morocco.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of bovine tuberculosis strains in two slaughterhouses in Morocco

Yahyaoui-Azami

Bouslikhane

et al. 2017

BMC Vet Res

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“…Yet these modelling results suggest otherwise, and predict that herd breakdowns should be expected to continue until bTB prevalence in deer in is maintained below ~0.1%. Currently, genetic lines of evidence also argue against the involvement of wildlife other than deer in transmission of bTB to Michigan cattle (Tsao et al, 2014;Salvador et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of on-farm risk to livestock from bovine tuberculosis in Michigan, USA, white-tailed deer: Predictions from a spatially-explicit stochastic model

Ramsey

O’Brien

Smith

et al. 2016

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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The eradication of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, from cattle in many locations worldwide is complicated by endemic foci of the disease in free-ranging wildlife. Recent simulation modeling of the bTB outbreak in white-tailed deer (WTD) in Michigan, USA, suggests current management is unlikely to eradicate bTB from the core outbreak area (DMU 452) within the next three decades. However, some level of control short of eradication might sufficiently reduce transmission from deer to cattle to a point at which the negative effects of bTB on the cattle industry could be reduced or eliminated, while minimizing the negative consequences of reducing deer numbers. We extended our existing spatially-explicit, individual-based stochastic simulation model of bTB transmission in WTD to incorporate transmission to cattle, to characterize the effects of vaccination and increased harvest of WTD on cattle herd breakdown rates, to examine the effects of localized culling or vaccination of WTD in the vicinity of cattle farms, to assess the effects of concurrent deer baiting, and to determine the effect of progressive restriction of deer/cattle contact on herd breakdowns. A spatially-explicit "cattle layer" was constructed describing the spatial locations, farm size and cattle density of all farms within and directly adjacent to DMU452. Increased hunter harvest or vaccination of deer, or a combination, would likely decrease the number of cattle herd breakdowns to <1 per year in less than 15 years. Concurrent deer baiting variably increased the time necessary to achieve zero breakdowns. The prevalence of bTB in deer needed to fall below ∼0.5% before ≤1 herd breakdown per year could be expected, and below 0.1% before zero breakdowns were likely. Locally applied post-harvest deer culling or vaccination also rapidly reduced herd breakdowns. On farm biosecurity measures needed to reduce deer to cattle contact by >95% in order to reliably reduce herd breakdowns, and did not achieve zero breakdowns in the absence of other deer controls.

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“…Mycobacterium bovis isolates were obtained from naturally infected wildlife (deer and elk) and livestock (cattle) tissue samples using standard isolation protocols (Parish & Stocker, ). Wildlife management information, surveillance methods used to find infected free‐ranging wildlife (through hunting and out‐of‐season shooting permits), and hunting territories (from where the data were collected) are described in Text and elsewhere (O'Brien et al, , , ; MDNR1, ; MDNR2, ), as are the origin of cattle isolates (Tsao et al, ). Because we are focusing on the potential role of elk in the transmission of bTB amongst the three species, bTB‐positive deer that were spatially (within 10 miles of the sampling location of an elk) and temporally (within three years before or after the sampled elk date) close to each positive elk were selected for inclusion from among the available archived isolates.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease management at the wildlife‐livestock interface: Using whole‐genome sequencing to study the role of elk in Mycobacterium bovis transmission in Michigan, USA

et al. 2019

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The role of wildlife in the persistence and spread of livestock diseases is difficult to quantify and control. These difficulties are exacerbated when several wildlife species are potentially involved. Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, has experienced an ecological shift in Michigan, with spillover from cattle leading to an endemically infected white-tailed deer (deer) population. It has potentially substantial implications for the health and well-being of both wildlife and livestock and incurs a significant economic cost to industry and government. Deer are known to act as a reservoir of infection, with evidence of M. bovis transmission to sympatric elk and cattle populations. However, the role of elk in the circulation of M. bovis is uncertain; they are few in number, but range further than deer, so may enable long distance spread. Combining Whole Genome Sequences (WGS) for M. bovis isolates from exceptionally well-observed populations of elk, deer and cattle with spatiotemporal locations, we use spatial and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses to show strong spatiotemporal admixture of M. bovis isolates. Clustering of bTB in elk and cattle suggests either intraspecies transmission within the two populations, or exposure to a common source. However, there is no support for significant pathogen transfer amongst elk and cattle, and our data are in accordance with existing evidence that interspecies transmission in Michigan is likely only maintained by deer. This study demonstrates | 2193 SALVADOR et AL.

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Sources of bovine tuberculosis in the United States

Cited by 23 publications

References 20 publications

Molecular characterization of bovine tuberculosis strains in two slaughterhouses in Morocco

Molecular characterization of bovine tuberculosis strains in two slaughterhouses in Morocco

Management of on-farm risk to livestock from bovine tuberculosis in Michigan, USA, white-tailed deer: Predictions from a spatially-explicit stochastic model

Disease management at the wildlife‐livestock interface: Using whole‐genome sequencing to study the role of elk in Mycobacterium bovis transmission in Michigan, USA

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