Sources of Contamination of Bovine Milk and Raw Milk Cheese by Staphylococcus aureus Using Variable Number of Tandem Repeat Analysis

Jaquemine, Bernard Poutrel

doi:10.4172/2157-7579.1000246

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

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“…We isolated a wide range of disease-causing bacteria from raw milks as well as pasteurized milks of retail shops such as Salmonella, Streptococcus, Vibrio, Staphylococcus, Micrococcus and E. coli. Presence of Staphylococcus which mainly comes from skin and nasal cavity; indicates the contamination of milk by the handler's sneezing or skin contact [22]. The high prevalence of E. coli in food of animal origin implies environmental and fecal contamination [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological Quality Assessment and Identification of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria at Different Stages of the Milk Supply Chain in Dhaka City of Bangladesh

Nowar

Ismail

Iqbal

et al. 2021

JAMB

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Aims: Milk works as an excellent medium for bacterial growth and can turn into a fatal source of food borne diseases when consumed without pasteurization. This study was carried out to examine the microbiological quality of milk from three different points of milk supply chain to investigate whether the dairy stakeholders are maintaining the consumer safety or not. Study Design: A cross sectional study Place and Duration: The study took place at the Food Microbiology lab of Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka from November 2019 to February 2020. Methodology: A total of 60 samples were studied including raw milk from collection centers, unpackaged pasteurized milk from processing plants and packaged pasteurized milks from retail shops. After carrying out the microbiological analysis the samples were examined for determining the total bacterial count (TBC) and total coliform count (TCC). Antibiotic susceptibility test was done using disk diffusion assay and detection of virulent gene in Salmonella spp. was done by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using specific invA primer. Results: The results revealed that all raw milk samples were substandard in terms of TBC and TCC and pasteurized milks from processing plants maintained the standard quality. Importantly, packaged pasteurized milk samples from retail shops had high TBC (>4.0× 104 CFU/mL) and TCC (1.2×103 CFU/mL) containing Pseudomonas, Micrococcus, Streptococcus, Salmonella, Proteus, Staphylococcus, Bacillus and E. coli. Bacteria like Salmonella (75%), Proteus (62.5%) and Vibrio (62.5%) possessed high Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index and showed resistance towards antibiotics namely Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Erythromycin and Colistin. Through further molecular analysis we detected invA virulent gene one of the Salmonella isolates which was collected from the pasteurized milk samples of the retail shops. Conclusion: High bacterial load in raw milk and packaged pasteurized milk indicate that the milk we consume is substandard in microbiological quality. Precautionary measurements and careful processing of milk may reduce the prevalence of microbiological contamination in the milk supply chain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological Quality Assessment and Identification of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria at Different Stages of the Milk Supply Chain in Dhaka City of Bangladesh

Nowar

Ismail

Iqbal

et al. 2021

JAMB

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Bovine pooled milk and Close human contacts from Northwestern Ethiopia

Yesigat,

Belete,

Bizuayehu

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogen responsible for causing various human and animal infections, and it is well known for its ability to develop resistance to multiple antibiotics. This study evaluated the occurrence of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in dairy farms in northwestern Ethiopia. We collected 50 pooled milk samples from 50 dairy farms and 50 nasal swabs from 50 humans in close contact with animals. The cefoxitin disk diffusion test and PCR-based assays were used to identify methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates. In addition, cefoxitin-resistant isolates were tested for susceptibility to other antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. MRSA was detected in 8 out of the 100 individual samples tested. Out of 8 MRSA isolates, 6 were obtained from pooled milk samples, and two were from personal hand swabs. On the other hand, MSSA isolates were detected in six of the specimens. All eight MRSA isolates exhibited high percentages of resistance to cefoxitin (100%), penicillin (100%), and tetracycline (75%). Moreover, 72% of isolates showed resistance to three or more antibiotic agents. This study was the first to document the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multidrug-resistant MRSA in raw milk and farm workers in northwestern Ethiopia.

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Occurrence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Bovine Bulk Milk and Farm Workers in Smallholder Dairy Farming Systems in Northwestern Ethiopia

Kassa,

Belete,

Yihunie

et al. 2024

VMRR

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Background and Purpose: Staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogen responsible for causing various human and animal infections and is well known for its ability to develop resistance to multiple antibiotics. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in bulk milk and dairy farms in northwestern Ethiopia and to determine their phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Methods: We collected 50 bulk milk samples from 50 dairy farms and 50 hand swabs from dairy milkers. The cefoxitin disk diffusion test and PCR-based assays were used to identify MRSA isolates. In addition, cefoxitin-resistant isolates were tested for susceptibility to other antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: The results showed that MRSA was detected in 8 samples: 6 from bulk milk samples (12%) and 2 from hand swabs (4%). All MRSA isolates exhibited a high resistance rate to penicillin (100%), followed by tetracycline (75%), ciprofloxacin (25%), chloramphenicol (25%), erythromycin (25%), gentamycin (12.5%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (12.5%). Moreover, 72% of the isolates showed resistance to three or more antibiotic classes and were classified as multidrug-resistant. Conclusion:This study identified methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multidrug-resistant MRSA in bulk milk and dairy farms in northwestern Ethiopia. These findings highlight the potential risk of transmission of these antibiotic-resistant bacteria to humans and the need for improved antibiotic stewardship in the dairy sector using the One Health approach.

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Sources of Contamination of Bovine Milk and Raw Milk Cheese by Staphylococcus aureus Using Variable Number of Tandem Repeat Analysis

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

Microbiological Quality Assessment and Identification of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria at Different Stages of the Milk Supply Chain in Dhaka City of Bangladesh

Microbiological Quality Assessment and Identification of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria at Different Stages of the Milk Supply Chain in Dhaka City of Bangladesh

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Bovine pooled milk and Close human contacts from Northwestern Ethiopia

Occurrence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Bovine Bulk Milk and Farm Workers in Smallholder Dairy Farming Systems in Northwestern Ethiopia

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