Sources of innovation and industry–university interaction: Evidence from Spanish firms

Foreign Subsidiaries and Technology Sourcing in Spain

“…Some evidence suggests that firms operating in high tech sectors are more likely to engage in cooperation for innovation (Molero et al, 2009, Schmidt, 2007Segarra-Blasco and Arauzo-Carod, 2008). Those operating in scale intensive industries, as defined in Pavitt's taxonomy, seem less likely to cooperate for innovation than other firms (Carboni, 2010).…”

“…R&D may be more related to cooperation in more advanced countries while internal resources of the focal firm matter less for cooperation in less advanced countries; in those countries, the company may use cooperation for innovation as a substitute (Shrolec, 2011). Analyses for Belgium, Canada and Spain have found complementarities between internal R&D and cooperation for innovation (Bayona et al, 2001;Beneito, 2006;Cassiman and Veugelers, 2006;Schmidt, 2007;Segarra-Blasco and Arauzo-Carod, 2008). However, other studies find complementarities or substitution effects in some specific sectors or concerning some types of partners, and not others (Carboni, 2010;Miotti and Sachwald, 2003;Molero et al, 2009).…”

“…At the same time, the spatial network of the group can be important in overcoming friction costs of geographical distance in the search for partners in other locations. Some evidence suggests that firms pertaining to a group are more likely to cooperate for innovation or outsource R&D because they may be able to use their internal networks to recruit and supervise external R&D partners or providers of technology (Molero and Heijs, 2002;Segarra-Blasco and Arauzo-Carod, 2008;Teirlinck, et al, 2010). A different technology sourcing behaviour of MNE subsidiaries might not be due to the foreign ownership per se, but rather the fact that those firms operate within a company network (Pfaffermayr and Bellak, 2002).…”

“…Size of the firm seems to be positively associated to external cooperation for innovation. Empirical evidence in this regard has been provided for a variety of countries such as Germany, Italy, South Korea and Spain (Carboni, 2010;Segarra-Blasco and Arauzo-Carod, 2008;Chun and Mun, 2012;Lopez, 2008;Schmiedeberg, 2008). The panorama might differ concerning R&D outsourcing.…”

The Influence Of Different Information Sources On Innovation Performance: Evidence From France, The Netherlands And Croatia

“…However, research on the impact of information sources on innovation activities is usually conducted on only one country (e.g. Segarra-Blasco & Arauzo-Carod, 2008). Research conducted on a sample of three and more countries is scarce.…”