Sources of nitrate in rivers draining sixteen watersheds in the northeastern U.S.: Isotopic constraints

Mayer, Bernhard; Boyer, Elizabeth W.; Goodale, Christine L.; Breemen, N. van; Howarth, Robert W.; Seitzinger, Sybil P.; Billen, Gilles; Lajtha, Kate; Nadelhoffer, Knute J.; Dam, D. van; Hetling, Leo J.; Nosal, M.

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-3405-9_5

Cited by 153 publications

(243 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…At the two surface-drained watersheds there were significant negative correlations between δ 15 N and δ 18 O (ρ = −0.87, p < 0.05 and ρ = −0.63, p < 0.05) during the 13 December 2011 event. These results support findings from other studies suggesting that variation in NO 3 − isotopes in urban 4,20,47,48,50,53 and nonurban 48,49 waters is primarily a result of the mixing of sources rather than biogeochemical processing along flowpaths during runoff events. Across a range of land uses, isotopic evidence of denitrification at the watershed scale has only been documented during baseflow conditions and is largely limited to agricultural watersheds.…”

Section: Microbially Nitrified Nosupporting

confidence: 91%

Sources and Transport of Nitrogen in Arid Urban Watersheds

Hale

Turnbull

Earl

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Urban watersheds are often sources of nitrogen (N) to downstream systems, contributing to poor water quality. However, it is unknown which components (e.g., land cover and stormwater infrastructure type) of urban watersheds contribute to N export and which may be sites of retention. In this study we investigated which watershed characteristics control N sourcing, biogeochemical processing of nitrate (NO 3 − ) during storms, and the amount of rainfall N that is retained within urban watersheds. We used triple isotopes of NO 3 − (δ 15 N, δ 18 O, and Δ 17 O) to identify sources and transformations of NO 3 − during storms from 10 nested arid urban watersheds that varied in stormwater infrastructure type and drainage area. Stormwater infrastructure and land coverretention basins, pipes, and grass cover dictated the sourcing of NO 3 − in runoff. Urban watersheds were strong sinks or sources of N to stormwater depending on runoff, which in turn was inversely related to retention basin density and positively related to imperviousness and precipitation. Our results suggest that watershed characteristics control the sources and transport of inorganic N in urban stormwater but that retention of inorganic N at the time scale of individual runoff events is controlled by hydrologic, rather than biogeochemical, mechanisms.

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Section: Microbially Nitrified Nosupporting

confidence: 91%

Sources and Transport of Nitrogen in Arid Urban Watersheds

Hale

Turnbull

Earl

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…There is a high variability across all the parameters, especially those that are highly associated with solids (TSS, COD, TP, and turbidity). The high variability of stormwater quality is a well-known phenomenon caused by many factors such as: percentage of impervious area and its spatial distribution (roads, parking lots and roofs), type of pervious areas (Goonetilleke et al 2005), basin soil (Uusitalo et al 2000), rainfall quantity and quality (Zhang et al 1999;Hathaway (Mayer et al 2002).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollutant association with suspended solids in stormwater in Tijuana, Mexico

Wakida

Martinez-Huato

García-Flores

et al. 2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Stormwater runoff from urban areas is a major source of many pollutants to water bodies. Suspended solids are one of the main pollutants because of their association with other pollutants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between suspended solids and other pollutants in stormwater runoff in the city of Tijuana. Seven sites were sampled during seven rain events during the 2009-2010 season and the different particle size fractions were separated by sieving and filtration. The results have shown that the samples have high concentration of total suspended solids, the values of which ranged from 725 to 4,411.6 mg/L. The samples were analyzed for chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and turbidity. The results show that most of the particles in suspended solids are in the particle fraction between 10 and 62 lm. A high association between the concentrations of suspended solids was found for chemical oxygen demand, phosphorus, and turbidity but not for total nitrogen.

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“…Dry farmland and paddy land are mainly centralized in the middle and lower reaches of the river and their covers are N40% in farmland and farmland-residence zones. Additionally, the (Mayer et al, 2002;Kendall et al, 2007;Lee et al, 2008;Xue et al, 2009) in the Haicheng River basin, Northeast China (A, B, C, and D represent nitrogen sources from synthetic fertilizer, domestic sewage/manure, soil organic matter, and atmospheric deposition, respectively; z1-z6 denote forest-farmland, managed forest, farmland-livestock rearing, farmland, residence, and farmland-residence zones, respectively). proportions of dry farmland and paddy land reach maxima of 52.7% and 16.3% in the farmland-residence zone.…”

Section: Land-use Patterns In Different Zonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The isotopic compositions of atmospheric nitrogen deposition range from −13‰ to +13‰ for δ 15 N-NO 3 (Lee et al, 2008;Xue et al, 2009) and from 25‰ to 70‰ for δ 18 O-NO 3 (Kendall et al, 2007). Nitrate originating from manure or sewage is usually characterized by δ 15 N-NO 3 values between +7‰ and +20‰ or more (Mayer et al, 2002) and δ…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of land-use patterns on in-stream nitrogen in a highly-polluted river basin in Northeast China

Zhang

Meng

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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• Land-use types were correlated well with most nitrogen variables over seasons.• Built-up land dominated in predicting nitrogen variables during different seasons.• Shape metrics predicted most nitrogen variables in different seasons.• Nitrogen sources and their contributions were estimated using nitrate isotopes.• Domestic sewage mainly contributed to river nitrogen pollution in residence zone. This study investigated the effects of land-use patterns on nitrogen pollution in the Haicheng River basin in Northeast China during 2010 by conducting statistical and spatial analyses and by analyzing the isotopic composition of nitrate. Correlation and stepwise regressions indicated that land-use types and landscape metrics were correlated well with most river nitrogen variables and significantly predicted them during different sampling seasons. Built-up land use and shape metrics dominated in predicting nitrogen variables over seasons. According to the isotopic compositions of river nitrate in different zones, the nitrogen sources of the river principally originated from synthetic fertilizer, domestic sewage/manure, soil organic matter, and atmospheric deposition. Isotope mixing models indicated that source contributions of river nitrogen significantly varied from forested headwaters to densely populated towns of the river basin. Domestic sewage/manure was a major contributor to river nitrogen with the proportions of 76.4 ± 6.0% and 62.8 ± 2.1% in residence and farmland-residence zones, respectively. This research suggested that regulating built-up land uses and reducing discharges of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater would be effective methods for river nitrogen control. G R A P H I C

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Sources of nitrate in rivers draining sixteen watersheds in the northeastern U.S.: Isotopic constraints

Cited by 153 publications

References 45 publications

Sources and Transport of Nitrogen in Arid Urban Watersheds

Sources and Transport of Nitrogen in Arid Urban Watersheds

Pollutant association with suspended solids in stormwater in Tijuana, Mexico

Effects of land-use patterns on in-stream nitrogen in a highly-polluted river basin in Northeast China

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