Sources of nitrate in stratocumulus cloud water: Airborne measurements during the 2011 E-PEACE and 2013 NiCE studies

Prabhakar, Gouri; Ervens, B.; Wang, Zhaohui; Maudlin, Lindsay C.; Coggon, Matthew M.; Jonsson, Haflidi H.; Seinfeld, John H.; Sorooshian, Armin

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.08.019

Cited by 62 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The slight variation in NO 3 -suggested the lack of gas-to-particle transformation at the Sonla site because of near BB sources, as reported by Lee et al (2011). Another plausible explanation for the lack of NO 3 -enhancement is the nitric acid phase partitioning to coarse particles such as crustal dust and sea salt (Sorooshian et al, 2013;Prabhakar et al, 2014), which exceeded the upper size limit detected in the present study.…”

Section: Water-soluble Inorganic Ionsmentioning

confidence: 39%

Aerosol Chemical Profile of Near-Source Biomass Burning Smoke in Sonla, Vietnam during 7-SEAS Campaigns in 2012 and 2013

Lee

Ram

Nguyen

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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This study aimed to investigate aerosol chemical characteristics and to obtain the chemical profile of near-source biomass burning (BB) aerosols at a site (675 m a.s.l.) in Sonla, Northern Vietnam. Particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ) was collected over a 24 h sampling period as part of the Seven South East Asian Studies (7-SEAS) campaign. The studies were conducted when BB was highly active -that is, in the spring of 2012 and 2013. The collected particles were analyzed for carbonaceous fractions and water-soluble components, in addition to the mass concentration. Data obtained were further analyzed to determine the stable species profile by classifying the 5-day air-mass backward trajectories. The average PM 2.5 mass concentrations were 51 ± 19 µg m -3 and 57 ± 27 µg m -3 in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Carbonaceous contents dominated BB aerosol, with 59% ± 9% and 58% ± 9% in organic carbon (OC) and 9% ± 3% and 10% ± 3% in elemental carbon (EC) of PM 2.5 in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Of the 8 carbonaceous fractions analyzed thermo-optically for PM 2.5 , OC3 (evolution temperature at 280°C-480°C) was most abundant in OC fractions, and EC1-OP (elemental carbon evolved at 580°C minus the pyrolized OC fractions) was predominant in EC fractions in most occasions. Among the measured water-soluble inorganic ions, NH 4 + and SO 4 2-widely varied, indicating the influence of different trajectory origins. This finding was confirmed by trajectory classification of aerosol data. The trajectories were also distinguished with respect to char-EC to soot-EC ratio, and water-soluble OC. These characteristics were highest in the trajectory from the BB source area.

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Section: Water-soluble Inorganic Ionsmentioning

confidence: 39%

Aerosol Chemical Profile of Near-Source Biomass Burning Smoke in Sonla, Vietnam during 7-SEAS Campaigns in 2012 and 2013

Lee

Ram

Nguyen

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…Inland and coastal areas are defined as being on the right or left, respectively, of the diagonal dashed line in Figure 5a. Criteria for designating airborne samples as having been influenced by biomass burning for the discussion below include visual and olfactory evidence, in addition to passive cavity aerosol spectrometer probe (PCASP; D p ~ 0.1—2.6 μm) number concentrations exceeding 1000 cm −3 [ Prabhakar et al ., 2014]. Oxalate concentrations are reported in Table 3 to quantify the influence of biomass burning in the study region [ Prabhakar et al ., 2014].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface and airborne measurements of organosulfur and methanesulfonate over the western United States and coastal areas

et al. 2015

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This study reports on ambient measurements of organosulfur (OS) and methanesulfonate (MSA) over the western United States and coastal areas. Particulate OS levels are highest in summertime, and generally increase as a function of sulfate (a precursor) and sodium (a marine tracer) with peak levels at coastal sites. The ratio of OS to total sulfur (TS) is also highest at coastal sites, with increasing values as a function of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the ratio of organic carbon to elemental carbon. Correlative analysis points to significant relationships between OS and biogenic emissions from marine and continental sources, factors that coincide with secondary production, and vanadium due to a suspected catalytic role. A major OS species, methanesulfonate (MSA), was examined with intensive field measurements and the resulting data support the case for vanadium’s catalytic influence. Mass size distributions reveal a dominant MSA peak between aerodynamic diameters of 0.32—0.56 μm at a desert and coastal site with nearly all MSA mass (≥ 84%) in sub-micrometer sizes; MSA:non-sea salt sulfate ratios vary widely as a function of particle size and proximity to the ocean. Airborne data indicate that relative to the marine boundary layer, particulate MSA levels are enhanced in urban and agricultural areas, and also the free troposphere when impacted by biomass burning. Some combination of fires and marine-derived emissions leads to higher MSA levels than either source alone. Finally, MSA differences in cloud water and out-of-cloud aerosol are discussed.

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“…The SO4 2-:Cl -ratio is often used to identify non-sea salt sulfate (nss-SO4 2-) sources and the sulfate enhancement above sea water is captured in close agreement by both probes. In this region, sulfate sources other than sea salt may be associated with ship emissions, marine biota or continental sources (Sorooshian et al, 2009, 25 Coggon et al, 2014, Wang et al, 2014. Since methanesulfonate (MSA) is a product in the oxidation of biogenic sulfur emissions to SO4 2-, the MSA:nss-SO4 2-ratio can be used to separate marine biogenic sources and this is also closely replicated between the probes.…”

Section: Cloud Chemistry Intercomparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The slotted-rod has been used on the Twin Otter for other studies during airborne field campaigns in the same region (Hegg et al, 2002, Sorooshian et al, 2013, Prabhakar et al, 2014, Wang et al, 2014, Youn et al, 2015. Samples were typically collected during level, in-cloud flight legs, with the two systems operating in 30 parallel with coordinated sampling, when possible.…”

Section: Cloud Chemistry Intercomparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and characterisation of a high-efficiency, aircraft-based axial cyclone cloud water collector

Crosbie¹,

Brown²,

Shook³

et al. 2018

Preprint

Self Cite

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Abstract.A new aircraft-mounted probe for collecting samples of cloud water has been designed, fabricated and extensively tested. Following previous designs, the probe uses inertial separation to remove cloud droplets from the airstream, which are subsequently collected and stored for offline analysis. We report details of the design, operation, and modelled and measured 20 probe performance.Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to understand the flow patterns around the complex interior geometrical features that were optimized to ensure efficient droplet capture. CFD simulations coupled with particle tracking and multiphase surface transport modelling provide detailed estimates of the probe performance across the entire range of flight operating conditions and sampling scenarios. 25Physical operation of the probe was tested on a Lockheed C-130 Hercules (fuselage mounted) and de Havilland Twin Otter (wing pylon mounted) during three airborne field campaigns. During C-130 flights on the final field campaign, the probe reflected the most developed version of the design and a median cloud water collection rate of 4.5 ml min -1 was achieved. This allowed samples to be collected over 1-2 minutes under optimal cloud conditions. Flights on the Twin Otter featured an intercomparison of the new probe with a slotted-rod collector, which has an extensive airborne campaign legacy. Comparison of 30 trace species concentrations showed good agreement between collection techniques, with absolute concentrations of most major ions agreeing within 30%, over a range of several orders of magnitude.Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi

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Sources of nitrate in stratocumulus cloud water: Airborne measurements during the 2011 E-PEACE and 2013 NiCE studies

Cited by 62 publications

References 32 publications

Aerosol Chemical Profile of Near-Source Biomass Burning Smoke in Sonla, Vietnam during 7-SEAS Campaigns in 2012 and 2013

Aerosol Chemical Profile of Near-Source Biomass Burning Smoke in Sonla, Vietnam during 7-SEAS Campaigns in 2012 and 2013

Surface and airborne measurements of organosulfur and methanesulfonate over the western United States and coastal areas

Development and characterisation of a high-efficiency, aircraft-based axial cyclone cloud water collector

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