Sources of Resistance to Whitefly (Bemisia spp.) in Wild Populations of Solanum lycopersicum var. Cerasiforme (Dunal) Spooner G.J. Anderson et R.K. Jansen in Northwestern Mexico

Abstract

Genetic variability of wild populations, closely related to domesticated species, constitute important genetic resources for plant breeding programs. In this paper, we analysed the variation of eight wild populations of Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme in a common garden experiment for levels of plant infestation by whitefly, leaf trichome density as a defensive character preventing infestation by whitefly, and the effect of whitefly incidence into vegetative and reproductive plant characters. Number of adults of whitefly was recorded in the eight wild populations of S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme, one population of the wild species S. habrochaites (C-360), and one of a cultivated variety of S. lycopersicum (Rio Grande). There were significant differences among the wild populations of S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme in the average level of whitefly incidence and trichome density. Cultivated tomatoes had the higher incidence of whiteflies (" x = 7.50 ± 0.14) followed by plants of S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme (" x = 2.02 ± 0.92) and plants of S. habrochaites with the lowest incidence (" x = 0.36 ± 0.35). Whitefly incidence was negatively correlated with trichome density (r = À 0.38, p < 0.0001), suggesting that trichomes deter or limit the establishment of whiteflies. Additionally, a significant negative effect of whitefly incidence along the growing season upon plant growth rate (number of branches and height) and fruit production was detected.

Repellent effects of various cherry tomato accessions on the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)

“…Sweet Grape was one of the genotypes with the highest traveled distance (ranging from 16.2 to 16.4 mm). Similarly, Sánchez-Peña et al (2006) have observed that cultivated tomatoes had the highest incidence of whiteflies (Bemisia spp Genn. ), whereas the wild genotype S. habrochaites accession C-360 had the lowest.…”

“…One of these accessions showed a significant resistance level to the tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick). Moreover, Sánchez-Peña et al (2006) have found significant differences among wild populations of cherry tomatoes at the mean level of whitefly incidence when compared to the wild genotype and the cultivated variety. In addition, the trichome density on the leaflet surface of cherry tomato accessions was, in general, high.…”

“…However, this potential has not been investigated in S. lycopersicon var. cerasiforme, to date (Sánchez-Peña et al, 2006). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the repellent effect of different cherry tomato accessions on the two-spotted spider mite.…”

Aleytrap: An instrumentation to handle adult whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, Gennadius

“…Host Method of observation Dharne and Kabre, (2009) Chili TMB (leaf turn method) Zabel et al (2001) Tomato NDM Gencsoylu (2009) Cotton TMB (leaf turn method) Ali et al (2004) Brinjal TMB (leaf turn method) Manzano et al (2003) Snap bean Cotyledonary leaf (leaf turn method) Akhtar et al (2004) Cotton TMB (leaf turn method) Sanchez-Pena et al (2006) Brinjal NDM Gupta and Pathak (2009) Black Gram NDM Byrne (2010) Poinsettia Leaf turn method Pasian et al (2000) Chrysanthemum and Gerbera Entire plant counting Castle et al (2009) Melon vine Fifth terminal leaf (leaf turn method) Lee et al (2002) Tomato NDM Sequeira and Naranjo (2008) Cotton Abaxial side of single leaf (leaf turn method) Alicai (1999) Sweet potato NDM Leite et al (2003) Brinjal TMB (leaf turn method) Nombela et al (2001) Tomato Counting on all leaves of each plant Mallah et al (2001) Cotton TMB (leaf turn method) Muniz et al (2002) Tomato and Pepper TMB (leaf turn method) Muqit et al (2008) Tomato NDM Rafiq et al (2008) Araceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Chinopodiaceae, Malvaceae, Meliaceae, Papilionaceae and Solanaceae NDM Leite et al (2005) Okra TMB (leaf turn method) Naranjo et al (2003) Cotton NDM *TMB-Top, middle and bottom, **NDM-No defined method.…”

Grafts of Crops on Wild Relatives as Base of an Integrated Pest Management: The Tomato Solanum lycopersicum as Example

“…In Mexico, the tinguaraque is widely distributed in ecological reserves and associated crop fields where it eventually tends to become a weed (Perez et al, 1997;Sanchez-Peña et al, 2006). It features a high capacity for climate adaptation, it was found from 7-2 000 meters above sea level, with annual rainfall of 495-1 591 mm, annual mean minimum temperature from 7.1-21.6 °C, 22.6-38.4 °C mean annual maximum temperature, and between 15.8 and 28.1 °C mean annual temperature (Vargas, 2008).…”