Sources of Soybean Aphid Resistance in Early‐Maturing Soybean Germplasm

Hanson, Ann Ellis; Orf, J. H.; Koch, Robert L.

doi:10.2135/cropsci2015.05.0287

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Compared with the results for SD01-76R, this difference seems to derive from a higher number of aphids in leaves rather than poor performance on hairy roots derived from Susc2. Susc2 was produced from crosses that use the line IA3027 as one of the recurrent parents [ 24 ], and it has been reported that IA3027 is highly susceptible to aphid colonization, with populations almost twice the size of those on SD01-76R in some experiments [ 31 ]. Thus, it is clear that aphid performance on roots may depend on the genetic background of the soybean cultivar used for hairy root production, even when using susceptible lines.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a hairy roots system to study soybean-soybean aphid interactions

et al. 2017

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The soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) is one of the main insect pests of soybean (Glycine max) worldwide. Genomics approaches have provided important data on transcriptome changes, both in the insect and in the plant, in response to the plant-aphid interaction. However, the difficulties to transform soybean and to rear soybean aphid on artificial media have hindered our ability to systematically test the function of genes identified by those analyses as mediators of plant resistance to the insect. An efficient approach to produce transgenic soybean material is the production of transformed hairy roots using Agrobacterium rhizogenes; however, soybean aphids colonize leaves or stems and thus this approach has not been utilized. Here, we developed a hairy root system that allowed effective aphid feeding. We show that this system supports aphid performance similar to that observed in leaves. The use of hairy roots to study plant resistance is validated by experiments showing that roots generated from cotyledons of resistant lines carrying the Rag1 or Rag2 resistance genes are also resistant to aphid feeding, while related susceptible lines are not. Our results demonstrate that hairy roots are a good system to study soybean aphid-soybean interactions, providing a quick and effective method that could be used for functional analysis of the resistance response to this insect.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a hairy roots system to study soybean-soybean aphid interactions

et al. 2017

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“…In addition to known Rag genes, screening studies have discovered other aphid-resistant soybean genotypes, providing opportunities to discover new Rag genes (Bhusal et al, 2013;Bhusal et al, 2014;Hanson et al, 2016;Conzemius et al, 2019a;Conzemius et al, 2019b;Natukunda et al, 2019). New sources of aphid resistance are particularly important because certain aphid biotypes are able to colonize resistant soybean.…”

Section: Opportunities To Discover New Aphid Resistance Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Resistant Soybean-Aphis glycines Interaction: Current Knowledge and Prospects

Natukunda

MacIntosh

2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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Soybean aphids (Aphis glycines Matsumura) are invasive insect pests of soybean, and they cause significant yield losses. Resistance to soybean aphids is conferred by Resistance to Aphis glycines (Rag) genes. Since the first discovery of aphid-resistant soybean genotypes in 2004, several studies have attempted to characterize Rag genes from aphid-resistant soybean genotypes. To date, 12 Rag genes and four quantitative trait loci for aphid resistance have been reported on soybean chromosomes 07, 08, 13, 16, and 17. Although candidate genes have been proposed for several discovered Rag loci, additional studies are needed to pinpoint, validate, and further explain the potential mechanisms of Rag gene action. A major challenge to utilizing host plant resistance is the discovery of virulent aphid biotypes that can colonize aphid-resistant soybean. This occurrence suggests the need for additional studies to devise strategies to enhance the effectiveness of aphid-resistant soybean. In this mini review, we discuss current knowledge on the resistant soybean-Aphis glycines interaction, potential mechanisms of Rag gene action, opportunities to discover new Rag genes, and prospects for utilization of host plant resistance to manage soybean aphids. A clearer understanding of host plant resistance to soybean aphids will guide researchers on strategies for developing soybean varieties with more durable aphid resistance, reducing the present challenge of virulent aphid biotypes.

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“…Insecticides are applied to control high populations of aphids and mites, however the over-use of insecticides can cause mite populations to increase by reducing native enemies (ladybird beetles and predatory mites). Another IPM component is host plant resistance, defined as a heritable decrease in plant susceptibility to the pest [ 5 ]. Reducing the number of insecticide sprays or delaying applications until later in the growing season by slowing mite population growth is the goal of using more resistant soybean cultivars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research to identify aphid resistant soybean varieties has discovered several genes that confer one or more categories of resistance to this insect, including antibiosis (affects survival, growth and fecundity), antixenosis (affects behaviour such as oviposition) and tolerance (plant can withstand greater damage without economic loss) [ 5 – 8 ]. Aphid resistant lines are not commonly a target for breeding in non-GMO soybean and growers don’t tend to choose the resistant varieties (personal communication, Grain Farmers of Ontario).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soybean (Glycine max L Merr) host-plant defenses and resistance to the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch)

et al. 2021

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In southern Ontario, Canada, the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) is an emerging pest of soybean (Glycine max) due to the increasing incidence of warmer, drier weather conditions. One key strategy to manage soybean pests is breeding resistant cultivars. Resistance to pathogens and herbivores in soybean has been associated with isoflavonoid phytoalexins, a group of specialized metabolites commonly associated with root, leaf and seed tissues. A survey of 18 Ontario soybean cultivars for spider mite resistance included evaluations of antibiosis and tolerance in relation to isoflavonoid and other metabolites detected in the leaves. Ten-day and 4-week trials beginning with early growth stage plants were used to compare survival, growth, fecundity as well as damage to leaves. Two-spotted spider mite (TSSM) counts were correlated with HPLC measurements of isoflavonoid concentration in the leaves and global metabolite profiling by high resolution LC-MS to identify other metabolites unique to the most resistant (R) and susceptible (S) cultivars. Within 10 days, no significant difference (P>0.05) in resistance to TSSM was determined between cultivars, but after 4 weeks, one cultivar, OAC Avatar, was revealed to have the lowest number of adult TSSMs and their eggs. Other cultivars showing partial resistance included OAC Wallace and OAC Lakeview, while Pagoda was the most tolerant to TSSM feeding. A low, positive correlation between isoflavonoid concentrations and TSSM counts and feeding damage indicated these compounds alone do not explain the range of resistance or tolerance observed. In contrast, other metabolite features were significantly different (P<0.05) in R versus S cultivars. In the presence of TSSM, the R cultivars had significantly greater (P<0.05) concentrations of the free amino acids Trp, Val, Thr, Glu, Asp and His relative to S cultivars. Furthermore, the R cultivar metabolites detected are viable targets for more in-depth analysis of their potential roles in TSSM defense.

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Sources of Soybean Aphid Resistance in Early‐Maturing Soybean Germplasm

Cited by 16 publications

References 57 publications

Validation of a hairy roots system to study soybean-soybean aphid interactions

Validation of a hairy roots system to study soybean-soybean aphid interactions

The Resistant Soybean-Aphis glycines Interaction: Current Knowledge and Prospects

Soybean (Glycine max L Merr) host-plant defenses and resistance to the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch)

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