Sources of variability in numbers of live births in wild golden lion tamarins (<i>Leontopithecus rosalia</i>)

Bales, Karen L.; O’Herron, Michelle; Baker, Andrew J.; Dietz, James M.

doi:10.1002/ajp.1031

Cited by 72 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In common marmosets, for example, there was more within-than betweenfemale variation in the number of ova females ovulated per cycle, and individual females ovulated significantly fewer ova at lower body weights than they did at higher body weights (Tardif and Jaquish, 1997). Similarly, Bales et al (2001) reported that female golden lion tamarins at lower body weights gave birth to smaller litters than females at higher body weights. In a study of the relationship between nursing effort and ovulatory functioning in cotton-top tamarins, Ziegler et al (1990) found that females nursing twin infants exhibited their first postpartum ovulation later in the postpartum period than females nursing singletons and those not nursing infants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunistic mothers: female marmosets (Callithrix kuhlii) reduce their investment in offspring when they have to, and when they can

Fite

Patera

French

et al. 2005

Journal of Human Evolution

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All female primates incur energetic costs associated with producing and caring for offspring, but females belonging to the New World primate family Callitrichidae, the marmosets and tamarins, appear to face even further demands. In fact, the energetic demands of rearing callitrichid infants are thought to have led to the evolution of cooperative infant care in these species. If this explanation is true, then one might expect that natural selection should also have shaped patterns of maternal behavior to be sensitive to the costs of reproduction and equipped females to reduce their investment in offspring under certain conditions. Therefore, we examined the maternal effort and postpartum endocrine profiles of individual female marmosets (Callithrix kuhlii) across conditions that represented two hallmarks of callitrichid reproduction-conception during the early postpartum period and alloparental assistance. When females conceived during the early postpartum period and faced the upcoming demands of caring for their newly conceived litters (Study 1), they significantly reduced their caregiving effort and had significantly higher postpartum levels of estradiol relative to breeding attempts in which conception occurred later in the postpartum period. Postpartum estradiol was negatively correlated with maternal carrying effort. When experienced alloparents were present (Study 2), females again reduced their caregiving effort relative to breeding attempts in which experienced alloparents were not present. Postpartum cortisol, however, did not vary as a function of experienced alloparental assistance. The results of these studies suggest that female marmosets have been subjected to similar selection pressures as females of other primate taxa-to maximize their reproductive success by reducing their investment in offspring under the worst and best of conditions-and suggest that hormones may mediate within-female variation in maternal care. These studies also provide support for the notion that mothers are "flexible opportunists" when it comes to providing care to their young.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunistic mothers: female marmosets (Callithrix kuhlii) reduce their investment in offspring when they have to, and when they can

Fite

Patera

French

et al. 2005

Journal of Human Evolution

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“…We defined the DRY/NR period as the time (during the dry season) when a female was not pregnant or lactating, or when a female was in the first 2 months of pregnancy. In a previous study, Bales et al [2001] found no significant changes in the weight gain of female GLTs during the first 2 months of pregnancy. We assumed that females in the first 2 months of pregnancy would experience minimal costs due to pregnancy (also see Kirkwood and Underwood [1984]).…”

Section: Data Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The timing of improvement in a female's condition (e.g., by energy reserves) may play an important role in reproductive success. Results from several studies on wild GLTs suggest that energy intake may influence female fitness, since nonpregnant/early pregnant body weight significantly predicted the number of live-born offspring [Bales et al, 2001], the amount of maternal carrying of offspring [Bales et al, 2002], and female lifetime reproductive success [Bales et al, 2003]. Kirkwood [1983] also found that improved nutrition was related to increased litter sizes in cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Energy intake, energy expenditure, and reproductive costs of female wild golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia)

Miller

Bales

Ramos³

et al. 2006

Am. J. Primatol.

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Callitrichid females are often described as energetically constrained. We examined the energy budgets of 10 female wild golden lion tamarins (GLTs, Leontopithecus rosalia) in an effort to understand how energy intake and expenditure might influence physical condition and therefore reproductive performance. We used focal animal sampling to record behavioral data and conducted energy analyses of foods consumed by GLTs to estimate intake and expenditure. We used two-tailed Wilcoxon signed-rank tests to compare intake in the reproductive vs. nonreproductive period and expenditure in the reproductive vs. nonreproductive period. Energy intake decreased during the reproductive period compared to the nonreproductive period. While total expenditure did not vary significantly across the two periods, females spent more time and therefore expended significantly more energy engaged in energetically inexpensive behaviors (i.e., sleeping or being stationary) during the reproductive period compared to the nonreproductive period. We suggest that reproductive female GLTs may adopt a reproductive strategy that includes high intake prior to pregnancy and lactation, and energy conservation during pregnancy and lactation.

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“…Thus, the care provided by males seems to reduce the metabolic costs of the females, and females reduce their own efforts in the presence of helpers (Fite et al 2005 ;Tardif 1994 ) . In wild golden lion tamarins ( Leontopithecus rosalia ) the number of infants born is positively correlated with the number of helpers in the previous season (Bales et al 2001 ) . It is therefore likely that female future reproductive success is dependent on the amount of help she receives (Price 1992b ) .…”

Section: Platyrrhinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

When Dads Help: Male Behavioral Care During Primate Infant Development

Huck

Fernández-Duque

2012

Building Babies

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In contrast to birds, male mammals rarely help to raise the offspring. Of all mammals, only among rodents, carnivores, and primates, males are sometimes intensively engaged in providing infant care (Kleiman and Malcolm 1981). Male caretaking of infants has long been recognized in nonhuman primates (Itani 1959). Given that infant care behavior can have a positive effect on the infant’s development, growth, well-being, or survival, why are male mammals not more frequently involved in “building babies”? We begin the chapter defining a few relevant terms and introducing the theory and hypotheses that have historically addressed the evolution of paternal care. We then review empirical findings on male care among primate taxa, before focusing, in the final section, on our own work on paternal care in South American owl monkeys (Aotus spp.). We conclude the chapter with some suggestions for future studies

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Sources of variability in numbers of live births in wild golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia)

Cited by 72 publications

References 34 publications

Opportunistic mothers: female marmosets (Callithrix kuhlii) reduce their investment in offspring when they have to, and when they can

Opportunistic mothers: female marmosets (Callithrix kuhlii) reduce their investment in offspring when they have to, and when they can

Energy intake, energy expenditure, and reproductive costs of female wild golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia)

When Dads Help: Male Behavioral Care During Primate Infant Development

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