Sources of variation in floral nectar production rate in Epilobium canum (Onagraceae): implications for natural selection

Boose, David L.

doi:10.1007/s004420050185

Cited by 78 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…It is likely that nectar traits have received relatively little attention in the past due to their notorious variation with environmental conditions such as water and nutrient availability (Real and Rathcke 1991, Wyatt et al 1992, Boose 1997. Although some studies have found heritable variation in nectar production (reviewed by Mitchell (2004), this Special Feature), it is possible that in many instances selection on nectar production will not result in evolutionary change, due to high environmental variability.…”

Section: Does Nectar Increase Herbivory?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Attracting Antagonists: Does Floral Nectar Increase Leaf Herbivory?

Adler

Bronstein

2004

Ecology

132

127

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Abstract. Traits that are attractive to mutualists may also attract antagonists, resulting in conflicting selection pressures. Here we develop the idea that increased floral nectar production can, in some cases, increase herbivory. In these situations, selection for increased nectar production to attract pollinators may be constrained by a linked cost of herbivore attraction. In support of this hypothesis, we report that experimentally supplementing nectar rewards in Datura stramonium led to increased oviposition by Manduca sexta, a sphingid moth that pollinates flowers, but whose larvae feed on leaf tissue. We speculate that nectar composition may provide information about plant nutritional status or defense that floral visitors could use to make oviposition decisions. Thus, selection by floral visitors and leaf herbivores may be inextricably intertwined, and herbivores may represent a relatively unexplored agent of selection on nectar traits.

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Section: Does Nectar Increase Herbivory?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Attracting Antagonists: Does Floral Nectar Increase Leaf Herbivory?

Adler

Bronstein

2004

Ecology

132

127

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“…Nevertheless, differential nectar production rates among flowers on the same plant are commonly observed (e.g. Cruden et al 1983;Boose 1997;Cresswell 1998;McDade & Weeks 2004). Notable examples include species that produce more nectar during either the male or female floral phase of dichogamous flowers, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hummingbird responses to gender-biased nectar production: are nectar biases maintained by natural or sexual selection?

Carlson

2008

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Pollinators mediate the evolution of secondary floral traits through both natural and sexual selection. Gender-biased nectar, for example, could be maintained by one or both, depending on the interactions between plants and pollinators. Here, I investigate pollinator responses to gender-biased nectar using the dichogamous herb Chrysothemis friedrichsthaliana (Gesneriaceae) which produces more nectar during the male floral phase. Previous research showed that the hummingbird pollinator Phaethornis striigularis visited male-phase flowers more often than female-phase flowers, and multiple visits benefited male more than female fecundity. If sexual selection maintains male-biased rewards, hummingbirds should prefer morerewarding flowers independent of floral gender. If, however, differential rewards are partially maintained through natural selection, hummingbirds should respond to asymmetry with visits that reduce geitonogamy, i.e. selfing and pollen discounting. In plants with male biases, these visit types include single-flower visits and movements from low to high rewards. To test these predictions, I manipulated nectar asymmetry between pairs of real or artificial flowers on plants and recorded foraging behaviour. I also assessed maternal costs of selfing using hand pollinations. For plants with real flowers, hummingbirds preferred more-rewarding flowers and male-phase morphology, the latter possibly owing to previous experience. At artificial arrays, hummingbirds responded to extreme reward asymmetry with increased single-flower visits; however, they moved from high to low rewards more often than low to high. Finally, selfed flowers did not produce inferior seeds. In summary, sexual selection, more so than geitonogamy avoidance, maintains nectar biases in C. friedrichsthaliana, in one of the clearest examples of sexual selection in plants, to date.

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“…Ceci rejoint le fait que l'activité photosynthétique des plantes diminue en situation de déficit hydrique (Chaves et al, 2009), comme en situation d'excès hydrique (Balakhnina, 2015). Leiss et Klinkhamer (2005) ont quant à eux montré, à l'instar de Boose (1997), l'existence d'une interaction génotype-environnement sur la sécrétion nectarifère : l'effet positif de l'humidité du sol sur la sécrétion chez la vipérine commune (Echium vulgare) s'observe surtout pour des génotypes peu nectarifères avec un système racinaire peu développé. À l'inverse, des génotypes très nectarifères avec un système racinaire bien développé ont une forte capacité de sécrétion en condition de sol sec comme en condition de sol humide.…”

Section: Humidité Du Solunclassified

Mesurer la sécrétion nectarifère : exemple d'une lignée hybride F1 et de son parent mâle stérile chez le colza d'hiver (Brassica napusL.)

Chabert¹,

Lemoine²,

Fronteau³

et al. 2017

OCL

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Reçu le 5 octobre 2017 -Accepté le 7 novembre 2017Résumé -Au cours de l'histoire évolutive des plantes à fleurs, l'apparition des nectaires floraux a permis de substituer le pollen par du nectar pour attirer les animaux pollinisateurs, permettant de diminuer les coûts de la pollinisation animale liés à la consommation du pollen. Dans les productions de semence hybride des cultures entomophiles, connaître le niveau de sécrétion nectarifère des lignées en présence, mâle fertile (MF) et mâle stérile (MS), est important si l'on souhaite maximiser les transferts de pollen entre les deux. Dans cet article, nous faisons tout d'abord une revue des méthodes qui existent pour mesurer la sécrétion nectarifère, puis retenons celle qui mesure un taux de sécrétion brut, qui permet d'exprimer une vitesse de sécrétion, pour l'utiliser sur deux lignées de colza d'hiver (Brassica napus L.), la variété hybride F1 Exocet MF et son parent MS. Nous montrons que la sécrétion nectarifère du colza est constante sur un intervalle de temps de 6-8 heures durant les heures du jour, que cette sécrétion admet une température optimale se situant entre 20°C et 30°C, et qu'elle est autour de deux fois moindre chez le parent MS par rapport à la lignée F1. Ces résultats permettent de proposer une méthode de mesure rigoureuse pour comparer la sécrétion nectarifère entre lignées ou variétés. Nous concluons sur les principales autres variables dont il faudrait tenir compte pour notamment pouvoir estimer la quantité totale de nectar sécrétée par une surface donnée de culture.Mots clés : méthode / sécrétion nectarifère / colza / semence hybride / température Abstract -Measuring nectar secretion: the example of an F1 hybrid and its male sterile parent in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). During the evolutionary history of flowering plants, the appearance of floral nectaries allowed the replacement of pollen by nectar to attract pollinators, allowing lower costs involved in animal pollination by reducing the consumption of pollen. In the hybrid seed productions of entomophilous crops, knowing the levels of nectar secretion of the different lines, the male fertile (MF) and the male sterile (MS) ones, is important to maximize pollen transfers between them. In this study, we start with a review of current methods used to measure nectar secretion, and choose the one that provides a gross secretion rate in order to use it on two winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) lines, the hybrid F1 'Exocet' and its MS parent. We show that oilseed rape has a gross nectar secretion rate that is constant over a period of 6-8 hours during daylight hours, that it has a thermal optimum included between 20°C and 30°C, and that the parental MS line secretes about half as much as the hybrid F1 one. These results enable us to propose a rigorous method to compare nectar secretions between lines and varieties. We conclude with the main other variables that should be taken into account to estimate the total amount of nectar produced by a given area of crop.

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Sources of variation in floral nectar production rate in Epilobium canum (Onagraceae): implications for natural selection

Cited by 78 publications

References 58 publications

Attracting Antagonists: Does Floral Nectar Increase Leaf Herbivory?

Attracting Antagonists: Does Floral Nectar Increase Leaf Herbivory?

Hummingbird responses to gender-biased nectar production: are nectar biases maintained by natural or sexual selection?

Mesurer la sécrétion nectarifère : exemple d'une lignée hybride F1 et de son parent mâle stérile chez le colza d'hiver (Brassica napusL.)

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