2001
DOI: 10.1067/mmt.2001.112566
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Sources of variation in spinal indentation testing: Indentation site relocation, intraabdominal pressure, subject movement, muscular response, and stiffness estimation

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Cited by 35 publications
(41 citation statements)
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“…Some studies have used static/quasi static loading protocol (Owens et al, 2007a,b;Ferreira et al, 2008;Maher and Adams, 1995;and others); and others have tested the spinal stiffness using dynamic protocol (Nathan and Keller, 1994;Keller and Colloca, 2007;Herzog et al, 1993;Colloca et al, 2003;Colloca and Keller, 2001;Kawchuk and Fauvel, 2001;and others).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…Some studies have used static/quasi static loading protocol (Owens et al, 2007a,b;Ferreira et al, 2008;Maher and Adams, 1995;and others); and others have tested the spinal stiffness using dynamic protocol (Nathan and Keller, 1994;Keller and Colloca, 2007;Herzog et al, 1993;Colloca et al, 2003;Colloca and Keller, 2001;Kawchuk and Fauvel, 2001;and others).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…A number of investigators have now shown that clinicians are generally inaccurate when identifying the location of internal spinal targets when using only surface-based anatomy to guide them. [29][30][31] Others have shown similar findings when clinicians were asked to locate vertebrae targeted for SMT. [32][33][34][35] In total, these sources of variation conspire against the ability of clinicians to apply SMT accurately.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 52%
“…For example, Lee and Evans 54 showed that 150 N applied to the spinous process of L4 in vivo produced up to 10 mm of absolute movement in the spinous process and just less than 2 mm of intervertebral movement. But if this same load were applied to the tissues lateral to the spinous processes as done by others, 26,35,43,48,55 then soft tissue deformation would be greater and the bone displacement decreased. We chose to build a simulator designed to model transverse process loading rather than spinous loading.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 91%
“…[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] These ultrasonic techniques also provide an additional improvement in that they may assist investigators in locating, and then returning to, a particular site of interest. 43 To reduce error in ultrasonic indentation, early methods used rigid frames to advance ultrasonic transducers. Now, rigid frames are being superseded by other technologies, which may maximize cost savings, convenience, and the diversity of tissues that can be assessed.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%