Sources, sinks and transformations of plastics in our oceans: Review, management strategies and modelling

Rellán, Adriana García; Ares, D Vázquez; Brea, C Vázquez; López, Antonio; Bugallo, Pastora M. Bello

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158745

Cited by 40 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…The results of plastic degradation indicate different rates of this process depending on specific environmental conditions. Microplastic accumulates both on the water surface and in sediments [ 2 , 215 ].…”

Section: Packaging Waste Dumpmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their ubiquity has negative consequences in the form of extensive environmental pollution [ 1 ]. It is currently stated that 60–80% of garbage is plastic [ 2 ]. Due to improper environmental policies and little public awareness or ignorance, a significant amount of waste enters the environment and causes serious problems of uncontrolled pollution [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microplastics are found in soil [ 10 ], freshwater [ 8 , 11 ], seas and oceans [ 12 ], snow [ 13 ], wastewater [ 14 , 15 ], air [ 16 ], plants [ 17 ], and animal organisms [ 18 ]. The formation of MPs is a global threat [ 19 ], as they can travel as far as 6000 km [ 13 ] and enter the trophic chain [ 2 ]. Such particles can contaminate food and beverages [ 5 , 20 ] ( Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microplastics Derived from Food Packaging Waste—Their Origin and Health Risks

et al. 2023

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Plastics are commonly used for packaging in the food industry. The most popular thermoplastic materials that have found such applications are polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and polystyrene (PS). Unfortunately, most plastic packaging is disposable. As a consequence, significant amounts of waste are generated, entering the environment, and undergoing degradation processes. They can occur under the influence of mechanical forces, temperature, light, chemical, and biological factors. These factors can present synergistic or antagonistic effects. As a result of their action, microplastics are formed, which can undergo further fragmentation and decomposition into small-molecule compounds. During the degradation process, various additives used at the plastics’ processing stage can also be released. Both microplastics and additives can negatively affect human and animal health. Determination of the negative consequences of microplastics on the environment and health is not possible without knowing the course of degradation processes of packaging waste and their products. In this article, we present the sources of microplastics, the causes and places of their formation, the transport of such particles, the degradation of plastics most often used in the production of packaging for food storage, the factors affecting the said process, and its effects.

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Section: Packaging Waste Dumpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microplastics Derived from Food Packaging Waste—Their Origin and Health Risks

et al. 2023

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“…11 Plastic is the largest part of marine garbage. 12 In 2017, more than eight million tons of plastics entered the oceans, and the amount is >33 times as much as that of the total plastics accumulated in the oceans by 2015. 13 However, due to the limitation of capture methods, the content of microplastics in the environment may be underestimated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microplastics are detected from the south to Antarctica, north to the Arctic, up to the peak of Mount Everest, and down to the Mariana Trench . Plastic is the largest part of marine garbage . In 2017, more than eight million tons of plastics entered the oceans, and the amount is >33 times as much as that of the total plastics accumulated in the oceans by 2015 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Health Impact of Microplastics: A Review of Environmental Distribution, Human Exposure, and Toxic Effects

et al. 2023

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Microplastics are ubiquitous in the global environment. As a typical emerging pollutant, its potential health hazards have been widely concerning. In this brief paper, we introduce the source, identification, toxicity, and health hazard of microplastics in the human. The literature review shows that microplastics are frequently detected in environmental and human samples. Humans are potentially exposed to microplastics through oral intake, inhalation, and skin contact. We summarize the toxic effects of microplastics in experimental models like cells, organoids, and animals. These effects consist of oxidative stress, DNA damage, organ dysfunction, metabolic disorder, immune response, neurotoxicity, as well as reproductive and developmental toxicity. In addition, the epidemiological evidence suggests that a variety of chronic diseases may be related to microplastics exposure. Finally, we put forward the gaps in toxicity research of microplastics and their future development directions. This review will be helpful to the understanding of the exposure risk and potential health hazards of microplastics.

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Prevention policies for the marine ecological environment in the South China Sea as a consequence of excessive plastic compound use in Vietnam

Islam

2024

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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Vietnam suffers from a distressing predicament: It ranks among the most heavily contaminated nations on earth. Its coastal and marine domains are plagued by an excess of plastic waste. Vietnam has consistently discharged a substantial amount of waste into the oceans, ranging from 0.28 to 0.73 million metric tons annually. Numerous areas have emerged as focal points of plastic pollution throughout its extensive seashore and marine areas. The escalating presence of marine litter poses an increasingly grave threat to the intricate equilibrium of Vietnam's marine ecosystems. This comprehensive policy study reveals that the mounting problem of ocean plastic pollution, characterized by the abundance of floating plastic debris, imperils both plant and animal life, placing various marine species such as seabirds, fish, turtles, and cetaceans at risk. The consumption of minuscule plastic particles and the harmful impact of chemical pollutants from plastic waste in the ocean not only endangers the vitality of marine life but also poses a substantial hazard to human well‐being because plastic waste infiltrates the food chain. This research reveals that, despite the existence of numerous laws and policies—including the Law on Environmental Protection 2020, the Marine Plastic Waste Management Initiative for the Fisheries Sector 2020–2030, and the National Action Plan for Management of Marine Plastic Litter—a significant amount of plastic waste is infiltrating the river network and eventually infiltrating oceans as a result of improper monitoring and ineffective enforcement of these legislations. Relying primarily on existing data released by the government and other sources and a wide range of gray literature retrieved from reputable databases, this study aims to evaluate the role of Vietnam's legal framework for combating the critical issue of marine plastic pollution in the South China Sea. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;00:1–19. © 2024 SETAC

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Sources, sinks and transformations of plastics in our oceans: Review, management strategies and modelling

Cited by 40 publications

References 104 publications

Microplastics Derived from Food Packaging Waste—Their Origin and Health Risks

Microplastics Derived from Food Packaging Waste—Their Origin and Health Risks

Potential Health Impact of Microplastics: A Review of Environmental Distribution, Human Exposure, and Toxic Effects

Prevention policies for the marine ecological environment in the South China Sea as a consequence of excessive plastic compound use in Vietnam

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