South African bovine ephemeral fever virus glycoprotein sequences are phylogenetically distinct from those from the rest of the world

Omar, Ruzaiq; Schalkwyk, Antoinette van; Carulei, Olivia; Heath, Livio; Douglass, Nicola; Williamson, Anna‐Lise

doi:10.1007/s00705-020-04568-9

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, previous studies have grouped the BEF strains into the three clusters of East Asia, Middle East, and Australia [20][21][22][23][24]. According to our results and the study of Omar et al [25], the BEFV strains of South Africa are distinct from those of other regions of the world and fall into the new cluster of South Africa. These strains showed the most distance evolution and the lowest similarity with the identi ed strains in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Bovine Ephemeral Fever Viruses in Khuzestan Province of Iran From 2018 to 2020

Rezatofighi

Mirzadeh²,

Mahmoodi

2021

Preprint

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Background Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) is an arthropod-borne viral disease caused by the BEF virus (BEFV). This single-stranded RNA virus that affects cattle and water buffalo is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions including Iran. While BEF is a major disease of cattle in Iran, information regarding its agent, molecular characterization, and circulating viruses are highly limited. The current study aimed to, firstly, determine the genetic and antigenic characteristics of BEFV strains in Khuzestan province in Southwest of Iran from 2018 to 2020 and, secondly, to compare them with strains obtained from other areas. Results By phylogenetic analysis based on the Glycoprotein gene, BEFV strains were divided into four clusters of Middle East, East Asia, South Africa, and Australia; in which the 2018 and 2020 Iranian BEFV strains were grouped in the Middle East cluster with the Turkish, Indian, and Israeli strains. Depending on the chronology and geographical area, the outbreaks of Turkey (2020), Iran (2018 and 2020), and India (2018 and 2019) are proposed to be related. These BEFVs had the highest identity matrix and the lowest evolutionary distance among the studied strains. Multiple sequence alignment of G1, G2, and G3 antigenic sites showed that these neutralizing epitopes are highly conserved among the strains of the Middle East cluster; however, the strains previously identified in Iran differed in three amino acids placed in G1 and G2 epitopes. Conclusion The findings revealed that BEFVs circulating in the Middle East are closely related phylogenetically and geographically. They also have similar antigenic structures; therefore, developing a vaccine based on these strains can be effective for controlling BEF in the Middle East.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Bovine Ephemeral Fever Viruses in Khuzestan Province of Iran From 2018 to 2020

Rezatofighi

Mirzadeh²,

Mahmoodi

2021

Preprint

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“…A pairwise comparison of the vaccine strain with published South African glycoprotein sequences gave amino acid identities and similarities of >97%. A phylogenetic tree was constructed with glycoproteins from the three lineages (Australia, Middle East and East Asia) together with African sequences from Mayotte island (Dacheux et al., 2019) and South Africa (Omar et al., 2020) (Figure 2). The South African strains grouped into the recently described lineage (Omar et al., 2020) which was separate from strains from Mayotte island.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A phylogenetic tree was constructed with glycoproteins from the three lineages (Australia, Middle East and East Asia) together with African sequences from Mayotte island (Dacheux et al., 2019) and South Africa (Omar et al., 2020) (Figure 2). The South African strains grouped into the recently described lineage (Omar et al., 2020) which was separate from strains from Mayotte island. The data are useful in vaccine product development and suggests that vaccine strains derived from one lineage may not confer protection.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome sequence of Bovine Ephemeral fever virus vaccine strain of South African origin

Mlingo

Nthangeni

Mokoena

2021

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Bovine Ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is endemic in South Africa and has a negative economic impact on the meat and dairy industries. Bovine ephemeral fever or three‐day stiff‐sickness is controlled through annual vaccination with a live attenuated virus manufactured by Onderstepoort Biological Products (South Africa). We announce the genome sequences of two South African Bovine Ephemeral Virus strains; the live attenuated vaccine strain (14 876 nucleotides) and a field strain (14 883 nucleotides). A mutation in the alpha 3 open reading frame rendered the gene non‐functional in both genomes. Phylogenetic analysis based on the glycoprotein gene showed that the two strains clustered with the South African lineage.

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“…BEFV is considered endemic and known to cause an epizootic disease in many regions, such as East Asia [45], Japan [19,24], China [16,27], the Philippines [28], Thailand [6], Taiwan [21,31,44], Australia [15,17], India [38], Israel [11,47], Jordan [20], Iran [3,5], Kingdom of Saudi Arabia [50], South Africa [37], and Turkey [9,36]. For example, previous studies performed in Australian deer reported serological evidence for BEFV in red deer [12] and another study conducted in Australia demonstrated that all samples screened in wild deer were PCR-negative for BEFV, although BEFV is endemic in Australia [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Assessment of Risk Factors Associated with Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus Exposure among Sheep and Goats in South Korea

Hwang

Yeh

2021

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is an arthropod-borne virus classified as a type species of the genus Ephemerovirus, family Rhabdoviridae. BEFV is the causative agent of bovine ephemeral fever (BEF), a non-contagious disease of acute febrile clinical signs in cattle and water buffalo. Some species might act as reservoir hosts, and antibodies to BEFV have also been found in asymptomatic sheep, goats, pigs, and many wild animals. This study aimed to conduct a retrospective cross-sectional serological screening in South Korea to address BEFV seroprevalence and identify risk factors for becoming seropositive for the virus in sheep and goats. Materials, Methods & Results: The apparent prevalence rates were considered to be the animal-level prevalence, defined as the proportion of serum neutralization test (SNT)-positive animals out of the total number of animals tested in the study area, and flock prevalence was defined as the proportion of SNT-positive flocks out of the total number of tested flocks in the area. A flock was classified as positive if at least one animal was SNT-positive. At the national level in 2011, 28 of 177 flocks (15.8%; 95% CI, 11.2−21.9%) and 71 of 498 heads (14.3%, 95% CI: 11.5-17.6%) that were analyzed showed serum neutralizing antibodies against BEFV. Our results revealed that age class, vector control, and geographic location affected seroprevalence to differing extents. In the univariate analysis, older age was a significant risk factor (OR, 2.327; 95% CI, 1.147-4.721; P = 0.017 in adults). The management risk factor attributes showed that preventive measures, such as routine application of insecticides in farms, decreased the odds of seropositivity for BEFV (OR, 0.514; 95% CI, 0.267-0.991; P = 0.044). Vector control was a significant protective factor, while animal species, flock size, and flock structure were not significantly associated. Differences in seroprevalence between variations in the presence of ruminant farms, lakes, or rice paddies within a 1-km radius or type of land use were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). We observed a significant difference in the individual likelihood of being positive in the southern provinces with respect to that in the northern provinces (OR, 2.166; 95% CI, 1.228-3.824; P = 0.007). Differences in seroprevalence between variations in the eastern and western regions were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The retrospective study results showed that the virus was widely distributed in sheep and goats in South Korea, with seropositive rates ranging from 7.8% to 19.7% between 2003 and 2008.Discussion: This is the first report of circulating antibodies against BEFV in sheep and goats in South Korea. The serological prevalence of BEFV infection in sheep and goats was significantly different between different age cohorts, vector control, and geographical locations: it was higher in the older group and the southern and western regions of South Korea. Determination of seropositivity rates often leads to an understanding of virus circulation dynamics and is useful in the formulation of disease control measures. Our results demonstrated that vector control was a significant protective factor; therefore, the summer control of vectors could be better implemented in provinces with elevated seropositivity rates. The results of this seroprevalence study may serve as a basis for future epidemiological studies on BEFV infection in South Korea.

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South African bovine ephemeral fever virus glycoprotein sequences are phylogenetically distinct from those from the rest of the world

Cited by 14 publications

References 18 publications

Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Bovine Ephemeral Fever Viruses in Khuzestan Province of Iran From 2018 to 2020

Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Bovine Ephemeral Fever Viruses in Khuzestan Province of Iran From 2018 to 2020

Genome sequence of Bovine Ephemeral fever virus vaccine strain of South African origin

Epidemiological Assessment of Risk Factors Associated with Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus Exposure among Sheep and Goats in South Korea

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