“…But such a conclusion appears premature to us, given the existence of the unrevised peace constitution, the asymmetrical alliance with the USA, the continuing efficacy of anti-militarist norms and, especially, the exclusive use of non-combat troops for overseas military projection. Considering the constraints on the full exercise of military power, a number of scholars instead have placed Japan alongside countries such as Canada, suggesting Japan's identity as 'a middle power', which tends to eschew military options and adheres to multilateralism, human security and the norms of nuclear non-proliferation (Cooper, Higgott, and Nossal 1993;Cox 1989;Rozman 2007;Soeya 2005). With Japan's overseas dispatches increasing but still falling short of sending combat troops, however, we offer instead 38 Glenn D. Hook and Key-young Son 'international humanitarian power' as a more appropriate portrayal of Japan's contemporary security identity and for the immediate future.…”