South Korea’s COVID-19 Infection Status: From the Perspective of Reconfirmation after Complete Recovery

Kang, Yun; Joo, Hyunjoo

doi:10.22207/jpam.14.spl1.46

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Serum antibodies were not detected at the beginning of the second symptomatic period, which can represent an incomplete immune response that left the infection temporarily dormant, only to be re-activated again; and even though the patient was symptomatic and had had occupational contact with infected patients during her symptom-free recovery period, re-activation was considered more probable than re-infection (32). Similar studies have reported a return of mild or even severe symptoms; but within a short time frame and without genetic analysis of the infective pathogens, they were reported to be cases of reactivation rather than re-infection (33)(34)(35)(36).…”

Section: The Rst Follow-up Rt-pcrmentioning

confidence: 95%

SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection within the first 3 months of COVID-19 Recovery in A Referral Hospital, Tehran, Iran

Sadr

Bafrani

Abdollahi

et al. 2021

Preprint

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ObjectivesPossibility of reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 changes our view on herd immunity and vaccination, and can impact quarantine policies. We performed follow-up studies on recovered patients to assess possible development of reinfections.MethodDuring a 6-month period, 202 PCR-confirmed recovering COVID-19 patients entered this study. Follow-up RT-PCR tests and symptoms assessment were performed one month after the initial Positive results. patients who tested negative were tested again one and three months later. The Serum IgG and IgM levels were measured in the last follow-up session.ResultsIn the first two follow-up sessions, 82 (out of 202) and 44 patients participated with four and three asymptomatic patients testing positive. In the last session, 32 patients were tested and four were positive, three of them were mildly symptomatic and all of them were positive for IgG.ConclusionA positive RT-PCR in a recovering patient may represent reinfection. While we did not have the resources to prove reinfection by genetic sequencing of the infective viruses, we believe presence of mild symptoms in the three patients who tested positive over 100 days after becoming asymptomatic, can be diagnosed as reinfection. The IgG may have abated the symptoms of the reinfection, without providing complete protection.

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Section: The Rst Follow-up Rt-pcrmentioning

confidence: 95%

SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection within the first 3 months of COVID-19 Recovery in A Referral Hospital, Tehran, Iran

Sadr

Bafrani

Abdollahi

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…They had positive test results after 18 and 21 days of two consecutive negative results for nasopharyngeal swabs [ 19 ]. On 17 April 2020, a case report from South Korea highlighted that 163 out of 7829 patients (2.1%) were tested positive and most of them (66.9%) were women [ 20 ]. Another case report from Italy identified a 48-year-old man who had a severe form of COVID-19.…”

Section: Reports On Re-positive Pcr Assay After Dischargementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Re-infection unlikely 15 Kang et al. [ 20 ] South Korea, Apr 2020 163 53 (33.1%) (20–29) most of them Nasopharyngeal 13.5 (1–35) 61 Mild symptoms — Reactivation 16 Loconsole et al. [ 21 ] Italy, May 2020 1 1 (100%) 48 Nasopharyngeal 30 1 Moderate symptoms — Reactivation 17 Dou et al.…”

Section: Reports On Re-positive Pcr Assay After Dischargementioning

confidence: 99%

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Re-positive coronavirus disease 2019 PCR test: could it be a reinfection?

Osman

Daajani

Alsahafi³

2020

New Microbes and New Infections

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak started in December 2019 and rapidly spread around the globe as a major health threat. Several reports on re-positive cases subsequent to discharge from hospitals caught our attention. We aimed to highlight RT-qPCR positivity re-detection after discharge from isolation, with special consideration of the possible reasons behind it. We found that re-positive RT-qPCR assays for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 after previous negative results might be attributed to false-negative laboratory results and prolonged viral shedding, rather than to re-infection. These findings are encouraging and should be validated in a larger cohort.

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“…Assuming that the immune response is incomplete following a normal viral infection and re-infection is possible, reinfection can be defined as clinical recurrence of COVID-19-compatible symptoms with a positive PCR test. Although many studies have been conducted in China [3][4][5] Korea [6] USA [7] Brazil [8] about this matter, however, the available evidences are not enough and further studies can provide more accurate statistics about reinfection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 re-infection in Shahroud, Iran: a follow-up study

et al. 2021

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Although many people became infected and recovered during the Covid-19 epidemic, the immunity duration and reinfection in recovered patients has recently attracted many researchers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the recurrence of the infection in recovered individuals over a 9 month period after onset of the Covid-19 epidemic.In this study, data related to Covid-19 patients in Shahroud city were collected using the electronic system for registering suspicious patients and also by checking patients' hospital records. In this study, from March 20, 2020 to November 20, 2020 (9 months) a total of 8734 suspected patients with respiratory symptoms were observed and followed up. RT-PCR was positive for 4039 patients. During this period, out of the total number of positive cases of Covid-19, 10 cases became re-infected after complete recovery. The risk of reinfection was 2.5 per thousand (0.95 CI:1.2-4.5). The mean time interval between the first infection and re-infection was 134.4±64.5 days (range: 41 to 234 days). The risk of reinfection between male and females was not statistically different (1.98 per 1,000 women and 2.96 per 1,000 men). Exposure to COVID-19 may not establish long-term protective immunity to all patients and may predispose them to re-infection. This fact can be reminded that the use of masks, social distancing and other preventive measures are very important in recovered patients and should be emphasized especially in health care personnel who are more exposed to the virus.

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South Korea’s COVID-19 Infection Status: From the Perspective of Reconfirmation after Complete Recovery

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection within the first 3 months of COVID-19 Recovery in A Referral Hospital, Tehran, Iran

SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection within the first 3 months of COVID-19 Recovery in A Referral Hospital, Tehran, Iran

Re-positive coronavirus disease 2019 PCR test: could it be a reinfection?

COVID-19 re-infection in Shahroud, Iran: a follow-up study

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