Southampton Docks Extension.

Mchaffie, M G J

doi:10.1680/ijoti.1938.14622

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…A critical situation may also arise if an impermeable stratum covers more permeable beds below holding water under artesian pressure. In such cases "relief" wells penetrating into the permeable layer to reduce the pressure have proved useful on numerous occasions (McHaffie, 1938;Ward, 1957).…”

Section: (B) Pore-water @Essuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Measurements in Soil Mechanics

Cooling¹

1962

Géotechnique

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When I was invited by the British National Committee to give this second Rankine Lecture, I must confess that my reactions were of a mixed nature. While I was naturally very gratified at the honour this invitation conferred on me, I was also conscious of the fact that the task of maintaining the standard expected in these lectures was not an easy one and would be a considerable strain on my capacities. However, I was fortified into accepting the honour by the remembrance of the many occasions in the past when this Society had shown great indulgence to honest if somewhat pedestrian endeavour. On this occasion, I thought it would be of value to review the position in one broad aspect of the subject, to see how far we have travelled, what remains to be done, and in which direction we should go in future development. Such an exercise could usefully be carried out on many aspects of soil mechanics (all of them important), but the one I have chosen for this talk is that of field measurements on full-scale structures and its role in the application of soil mechanics to civil engineering problems. I have made this choice for various reasons; first, because I think it is appropriate to a Rankine Lecture, for, although in soil mechanics we tend to regard Rankine as a theorist there is no doubt that he had a full appreciation of practical considerations and the difficulties of applying theory to soil problems. In his Manual of Civil Engineering, Rankine wrote: “The properties of earth with respect to adhesion and friction are so variable, that the engineer should never trust to tables or to information obtained from books to guide him in designing earthworks, when he has it in his power to obtain the necessary data either by observation of existing earthworks in the same stratum or by experiment.” Later in the same section he wrote: “There is a mathematical theory of the combined action of friction and adhesion in earth; but for want of precise experimental data, its practical utility is doubtful.” If we interpret the term “precise experimental data” to include reliable field measurements on actual structures, then my theme is obviously in line with Rankine's thinking. My second reason is that the subject is of considerable importance in its own right for the future development of soil mechanics, and anyone who has made a study of Terzaghi's writings will have been struck by his insistence on the urgent need for taking reliable field observations. My third reason is that my colleagues and I at the Building Research Station have been particularly interested in this aspect of soil mechanics and have, from time to time over the past 25 years, carried out a number of investigations involving field measurements of various types on full-scale structures.

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Section: (B) Pore-water @Essuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Measurements in Soil Mechanics

Cooling¹

1962

Géotechnique

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The interpretation of standard penetration tests in geologically aged sands

Barton

1990

EGSP

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The standard penetration test represents a traditional and convenient method for the assessment of the engineering properties of cohesionless soils for the purpose of foundation design. This test, however, is not a direct measure of the static load/displacement characteristics of a sand and hence it is an empirical one in which the blow count is correlated firstly with the in situ density and shear strength obtained by other methods and, secondly, with case records of foundation performance. Most, if not all, of the existing correlation charts are based either on measurements of density and shear strength in remoulded sands or on the performance of fills or recent sands. The unique properties of sands which have geologically aged (that is been subjected to a variety of diagenetic processes) are often ignored with the erroneous assumption that the correlation charts will apply equally to all sands.The paper examines the penetration resistance of uncemented sands in Southern Britain ranging in age back to the Jurassic. It is seen that there is a marked difference between tests carried out well above the groundwater table (dry tests) and those either below or in close proximity to it (wet or saturated tests). Only dry tests give the high resistances expected from the very dense and strong geologically aged sands. These results show an exponential increase in blow count versus depth and vertical effective pressure. Reasons for the reduced resistances measured in water filled boreholes are discussed. Of significant influence is the markedly moisture sensitive strength behaviour of ancient sands. In addition, the conditions of the test are such that other adverse effects, inevitable with conventional boring operations, can be operative and hence weaker foundation characteristics may be assumed than is actually the case in the undisturbed sand.

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Engineering geological aspects of dock and harbour engineering in Southampton Water

Barton

1979

QJEGH

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Summary A brief survey of the main dock and harbour engineering works in the estuary of Southampton Water is given with particular emphasis on the development of the Port of Southampton. The geology of Southampton Water is reviewed in terms of the lithology of the main formations and the recent geological hisotry. An outline is given of the geotechnical characteristics of the various formations with some quantitative results, although much soil testing is still required. Particular applications of the engineering geology selected for description are those for which detailed studies of the geology contribute significantly to both the design and construction of the engineering works. Particular engineering works and problems treated include foundations for quay walls and dry docks, control of artesian pore pressures, selection of berthing areas and channels, stability of slopes including underwater slopes, dredging and the characteristics of the reclaimed lands. Those aspects of the geology which are of the most help in respect of these various engineering works and problems are the geological structure and lithological characteristics of the Bracklesham Beds, the nature of the sub-Pleistocene erosion surface, the nature and disposition of the superficial deposits, the geohydrology, and the recent evolutionary history of the estuary.

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Southampton Docks Extension.

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Field Measurements in Soil Mechanics

Field Measurements in Soil Mechanics

The interpretation of standard penetration tests in geologically aged sands

Engineering geological aspects of dock and harbour engineering in Southampton Water

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