“…There have been some studies that examined the role of alienation, marginalization (Turner, 2003), the role of socialization (Alex-Assensoh, 2003;Dixon-Reeves, 2003;Kosoko-Laski et al, 2006). Examining factors that result in the dissatisfaction and leaving of African Americans in the academy should be a top priority because African American faculty in higher education promotes academic excellence as well as a critical aspect for advancing academic enterprises (Barrett & Smith, 2008). Although White faculty may be polite and friendly with African American colleagues, at the same time, they can devalue the work of African Americans, provide only casual mentoring, challenge intellectual and pedagogical abilities, and minimize and dismiss their views, perspectives (Alexander &Moore, 2008), andscholarship (Nieman, 2003).…”