Southern hemisphere circulation anomalies associated with extreme Antarctic peninsula winter temperatures

Marshall, Gareth J.; King, John C.

doi:10.1029/98gl01651

Cited by 78 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The air masses formed over the ocean and sea ice also affect the weather and climatic conditions of KGI (Schwerdtfeger 1975;Rogers 1983;Marshall and King 1998;Kejna 1999a, b;Marsz and Styszyńska 2000;Braun et al 2001). The pre− dominant type of air movement in the area of KGI is connected with western atmo− spheric circulation, constituting 70% (Kejna 1993).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The climatic conditions of KGI and Antarctic Peninsula region largely depend on the temperature of sea water and sea−ice extent in the area of the Antarctic Pen− insula (King and Harangozo 1998;Marshall and King 1998;Comiso 2000;Marsz and Styszyńska 2000;Marshall et al 2002;King and Comiso 2003;Morris and Vaughan 2003;Meredith and King 2005;Turner et al 2005).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climatic change on King George Island in the years 1948–2011

Kejna¹,

Araźny²,

Sobota³

2013

Polish Polar Research

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Abstract:The climatic change on King George Island (KGI) in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, in the years of 1948-2011 are presented. In the reference period, a statistically significant increase in the air temperature (0.19°C/10 years, 1.2°C in the analysed period) occurred along with a decrease in atmospheric pressure (−0.36 hPa/10 years, 2.3 hPa). In winter time, the warming up is more than twice as large as in summer. This leads to decrease in the amplitude of the annual cycle of air temperature. On KGI, there is also a warming trend of daily maximum and daily minimum air temperature. The evidently faster increase in daily minimum results in a decrease of the diurnal temperature range. The largest changes of air pressure took place in the summertime (−0.58 hPa/10 years) and winter (−0.34 hPa/10 years). The Semiannual Oscillation pattern of air pressure was disturbed. Climate changes on KGI are correlated with changing surface temperatures of the ocean and the concentra− tion of sea ice. The precipitation on KGI is characterised by substantial variability year to year. In the analysed period, no statistically significant trend in atmospheric precipitation can be observed. The climate change on KGI results in substantial and rapid changes in the environment, which poses a great threat to the local ecosystem.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic change on King George Island in the years 1948–2011

Kejna¹,

Araźny²,

Sobota³

2013

Polish Polar Research

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“…(c) Climate covariability Numerous studies have shown air temperature and sea ice in the AP region to be sensitive to variability in (i) the Southern Oscillation (Simmonds & Jacka 1995;Smith et al 1996b;Kwok & Comiso 2002a), (ii) the El Niñ o/southern Oscillation (ENSO; Marshall & King 1998;Harangozo 2000;Rind et al 2001;Yuan & Martinson 2000, 2001, and (iii) the Southern Annular Mode (SAM; Hall & Visbeck 2002;Thompson & Solomon 2002;Simmonds 2003;van den Broeke & Lipzig 2003;Lefebvre et al 2004;Marshall et al 2004). Other studies offer general reviews of climate covariability and the high latitude teleconnection in the Southern Ocean (Carleton 2003;Parkinson 2004;Simmonds & King 2004;Yuan 2004).…”

Section: Climate and Icementioning

confidence: 99%

Marine pelagic ecosystems: the West Antarctic Peninsula

Ducklow

Baker

Martinson

et al. 2006

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

558

569

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The marine ecosystem of the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) extends from the Bellingshausen Sea to the northern tip of the peninsula and from the mostly glaciated coast across the continental shelf to the shelf break in the west. The glacially sculpted coastline along the peninsula is highly convoluted and characterized by deep embayments that are often interconnected by channels that facilitate transport of heat and nutrients into the shelf domain. The ecosystem is divided into three subregions, the continental slope, shelf and coastal regions, each with unique ocean dynamics, water mass and biological distributions. The WAP shelf lies within the Antarctic Sea Ice Zone (SIZ) and like other SIZs, the WAP system is very productive, supporting large stocks of marine mammals, birds and the Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba. Ecosystem dynamics is dominated by the seasonal and interannual variation in sea ice extent and retreat. The Antarctic Peninsula is one among the most rapidly warming regions on Earth, having experienced a 28C increase in the annual mean temperature and a 68C rise in the mean winter temperature since 1950. Delivery of heat from the Antarctic Circumpolar Current has increased significantly in the past decade, sufficient to drive to a 0.68C warming of the upper 300 m of shelf water. In the past 50 years and continuing in the twenty-first century, the warm, moist maritime climate of the northern WAP has been migrating south, displacing the once dominant cold, dry continental Antarctic climate and causing multi-level responses in the marine ecosystem. Ecosystem responses to the regional warming include increased heat transport, decreased sea ice extent and duration, local declines in icedependent Adélie penguins, increase in ice-tolerant gentoo and chinstrap penguins, alterations in phytoplankton and zooplankton community composition and changes in krill recruitment, abundance and availability to predators. The climate/ecological gradients extending along the WAP and the presence of monitoring systems, field stations and long-term research programmes make the region an invaluable observatory of climate change and marine ecosystem response.

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“…For example, air temperature and sea ice are strongly linked in the WAP area (Jacka, 1990;Jacka and Budd, 1991;Weatherly et al, 1991;King, 1994;Smith et al, 1996b), and there is evidence for decreasing trends in sea ice that correspond to the statistically significant warming trends ). In addition, the high variability in the frequency of storm events in the WAP region explains a significant amount of the variability in sea ice (Harangozo et al, 1997;Marshall and King, 1998;van den Broeke, 2000;Stammerjohn et al, 2001). The hydrography of the WAP area is poorly known (Hofmann et al, 1996); however, the variability in circumpolar deep water intrusions onto the continental shelf (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of Primary Production in an Antarctic Marine Ecosystem as Estimated Using a Multi-scale Sampling Strategy

Smith¹,

Baker²,

Dierssen³

et al. 2001

Am Zool

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SYNOPSIS. A major objective of the multidisciplinary Palmer Long Term Ecological Research (LTER)program is to obtain a comprehensive understanding of various components of the Antarctic marine ecosystem-the assemblage of plants, animals, ocean, sea ice, and island components south of the Antarctic Convergence. Phytoplankton production plays a key role in this polar ecosystem, and factors that regulate production include those that control cell growth (light, temperature, nutrients) and those that control cell accumulation rate and hence population growth (water column stability, advection, grazing, and sinking). Several of these factors are mediated by the annual advance and retreat of sea ice. In this study, we examine the results from nearly a decade (1991-2000) of ecological research in the western Antarctic Peninsula region. We evaluate the spatial and temporal variability of phytoplankton biomass (estimated as chlorophyll-a concentration) and primary production (determined in-situ aboard ship as well as estimated from ocean color satellite data). We also present the spatial and temporal variability of sea ice extent (estimated from passive microwave satellite data). While the data record is relatively short from a long-term perspective, evidence is accumulating that statistically links the variability in sea ice to the variability in primary production. Even though this marine ecosystem displays extreme interannual variability in both phytoplankton biomass and primary production, persistent spatial patterns have been observed over the many years of study (e.g., an on to offshore gradient in biomass and a growing season characterized by episodic phytoplankton blooms). This high interannual variability at the base of the food chain influences organisms at all trophic levels.

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Southern hemisphere circulation anomalies associated with extreme Antarctic peninsula winter temperatures

Cited by 78 publications

References 18 publications

Climatic change on King George Island in the years 1948–2011

Climatic change on King George Island in the years 1948–2011

Marine pelagic ecosystems: the West Antarctic Peninsula

Variability of Primary Production in an Antarctic Marine Ecosystem as Estimated Using a Multi-scale Sampling Strategy

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