Soviet Computers in the 1980s: A Review of the Hardware

Change and Continuity at IBM: Key Themes in Histories of IBM

“…Hollerith continued inventing and interacting with the firm until his death in 1929. Austrian argues that Hollerith and Watson did not always see eye-to-eye on crucial issues, Herman Hollerith, 337-39; Cortada, Before the Computer, [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63]"IBM and the Two Thomas J. Watsons," in Thomas K. McCraw,ed.,Creating Modern Capitalism: How Entrepreneurs,Companies,and To improve overall performance, Flint hired Thomas J. Watson Sr. in 1914 as C-T-R's general manager. Watson, then 40 years old, had been a successful sales executive at the National Cash Register Corporation (NCR) with over twenty years of sales experience at the firm.…”

“…Almost all systems built in the Soviet Union were either exact copies of these systems or built on them for over two decades, adding to the diffusion of this new class of computing. 57 Ultimately, perhaps most importantly, use of computers by large organizations took off in the 1960s, and in the process IBM dominated 70 to 80 percent of almost all national markets in the industrialized world for mainframe computing. 58 This all happened rapidly, in the space of one decade in most countries, in fifteen years in less developed economies, and faster than other competitors could respond to with their own products.…”