Sow and litter response to supplemental dietary fat in lactation diets during high ambient temperatures1

Abstract

The objective of this experiment was to determine the impact of supplemental dietary fat on total lactation energy intake and sow and litter performance during high ambient temperatures (27 ± 3°C). Data were collected from 337 mixed-parity sows from July to September in a 2,600-sow commercial unit in Oklahoma. Diets were corn-soybean meal-based with 7.5% corn distillers dried grains with solubles and 6.0% wheat middlings and contained 3.24 g of standardized ileal digestible Lys/Mcal of ME. Animal-vegetable fat blend (A-V) was supplemented at 0, 2, 4, or 6%. Sows were balanced by parity, with 113, 109, and 115 sows representing parity 1, 2, and 3 to 7 (P3+), respectively. Feed disappearance (subset of 190 sows; 4.08, 4.18, 4.44, and 4.34 kg/d, for 0, 2, 4, and 6%, respectively; P < 0.05) and apparent caloric intake (12.83, 13.54, 14.78, and 14.89 Mcal of ME/d, respectively; P < 0.001) increased linearly with increasing dietary fat. Gain:feed (sow and litter BW gain relative to feed intake) was not affected (P = 0.56), but gain:Mcal ME declined linearly with the addition of A-V (0.16, 0.15, 0.15, and 0.14 for 0, 2, 4, and 6%, respectively; P < 0.01). Parity 1 sows (3.95 kg/d) had less (P < 0.05) feed disappearance than P2 (4.48 kg/d) and P3+ (4.34 kg/d) sows. Body weight change in P1 sows was greater (P < 0.01) than either P2 or P3+ sows (-0.32 vs. -0.07 and 0.12 kg/d), whereas backfat loss was less (P < 0.05) and loin depth gain was greater (P < 0.05) in P3+ sows compared with P1 and P2 sows. Dietary A-V improved litter ADG (P < 0.05; 1.95, 2.13, 2.07, and 2.31 kg/d for 0, 2, 4, and 6% fat, respectively) only in P3+ sows. Sows bred within 8 d after weaning (58.3, 72.0, 70.2, and 74.7% for 0, 2, 4, and 6%, respectively); conception rate (78.5, 89.5, 89.2, and 85.7%) and farrowing rate (71.4, 81.4, 85.5, and 78.6%) were improved (P < 0.01) by additional A-V, but weaning-to-breeding interval was not affected. Rectal and skin temperature and respiration rate of sows were greater (P < 0.002) when measured at wk 3 compared with wk 1 of lactation, but were not affected by A-V addition. Parity 3+ sows had lower (P < 0.05) rectal temperature than P1 and P2 sows, and respiration rate was reduced (P < 0.001) in P1 sows compared with P2 and P3+ sows. In conclusion, A-V improved feed disappearance and caloric intake, resulting in improved litter weight gain and subsequent reproductive performance of sows; however, feed and caloric efficiency were negatively affected.

Response of the modern lactating sow and progeny to source and level of supplemental dietary fat during high ambient temperatures

“…In observations by Shurson and Irvin (1992), sows fed 10% corn oil increased back fat thickness by 1 mm during the lactation period. Previously, we observed a 7% increase (1.3 mm) in back fat for sows at weaning when they were fed a diet containing 6% A-V blend compared with sows fed no supplemental fat (Rosero et al, 2011). However, in the present study, we did not observe any differences among dietary treatments in loss of back fat.…”

“…This was above the evaporative critical temperature (22°C; Black et al, 1993); above this temperature, sows become heat stressed. As in our previous study (Rosero et al, 2011), we showed a linear increase in feed disappearance with increasing A-V blend in the diet. Schoenherr et al (1989) reported a greater feed disappearance for sows fed 10% supplemental CWG compared with sows fed no supplemental fat when sows were housed under heat stress conditions (32°C).…”

Measurements of body composition during late gestation and lactation in first and second parity sows and its relationship to piglet production and post-weaning reproductive performance

“…These data resemble our findings, in which parity 1 dams had loss of LEA over lactation with modest recovery during post-weaning. Contrary to our findings, Rosero et al (2012) indicated loss of loin muscle depth during lactation, as a measure of protein mobilization, was reduced as parity of dam increased. In the current study, we measured loin eye area at late gestation, weaning, and again post-weaning, not loin muscle depth.…”

Effect of three different bariatric obesity surgery procedures on nutrient and energy digestibility using a swine experimental model

“…Firstly, these coefficients can be affected by the diet chemical composition and feed processing and secondly, animal factors such as body weight, genotype, sex, and physiological stage will also exert effects. 38 In the present study, we only used growing castrated males of the same age from the same genetic line, which had access to the same diet (feed composition and processing); so the only factor of variation between groups was the surgical procedure.…”

“…Thus, 21 -to 28-day-old pigs do not produce sufficient amounts of biliary salts to fully emulsify dietary lipids, whereas the pigs used in the present study would have had the capability to digest fats and oils up to an inclusion level of 6%. 38 In the present study vegetable oil was used as the fat source. This fat source has been reported to have a medium to high digestibility in swine 28 at 6.6% of the diet as-fed basis in the growing pig.…”