SOX10 is a novel marker of acinus and intercalated duct differentiation in salivary gland tumors: a clue to the histogenesis for tumor diagnosis

Ohtomo, Rie; Mori, Taisuke; Shibata, Shinsuke; Tsuta, Koji; Maeshima, Akiko Miyagi; Akazawa, Chihiro; Watabe, Yukio; Honda, Kazufumi; Yamada, Tesshi; Yoshimoto, Seiichi; Asai, Masao; Okano, Hideyuki; Kanai, Yae; Tsuda, Hitoshi

doi:10.1038/modpathol.2013.54

Cited by 155 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…SOX10 expression by immunohistochemistry was specific to the nuclei of normal acini and both luminal and abluminal cells of intercalated ducts, but was not identified in other sites (although positive in several tumors, such as acinic cell carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and pleomorphic adenomas) [90]. The CanAd cells showed a strong, patchy to diffuse, nuclear reaction in nearly all of the lesional cells.…”

Section: Etiology/embryogenesismentioning

confidence: 87%

“…SOX10 and DOG1 do not necessarily provide a unique finding, but do support the luminal intercalated duct cell phenotype [89,90]. The differences between expression may help with the differential, as polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) and pleomorphic adenoma are usually negative with DOG1, although adenoid cystic carcinoma and epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma are often positive.…”

Section: Immunohistochemical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Canalicular Adenoma: A Clinicopathologic and Immunohistochemical Analysis of 67 Cases with a Review of the Literature

Thompson

Bauer

Chiosea

et al. 2014

Head and Neck Pathol

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There is a lack of a comprehensive immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of canalicular adenoma (CanAd), especially when combined with a description of the unique histologic features. Given the usual small biopsies, IHC may be useful in distinguishing CanAd from other tumors in the differential diagnosis. Retrospective. The patients included 54 females and 13 males (4.2:1), aged 43-90 years, with a mean age at presentation of 69.9 years. Clinical presentation was generally a mass (n = 61) slowly increasing in size (mean 38.5 months), affecting the upper lip (n = 46), buccal mucosa (n = 17) or palate (n = 4), involving the right (n = 29), left (n = 24) or midline (n = 9), without any major salivary gland tumors. The tumors ranged in size from 0.2 to 3 cm (mean 1.2 cm). Most tumors were multilobular or bosselated (76 %), often surrounded by a capsule. Histologically, the tumors were characterized by cystic spaces, tumor cords with beading, tubule formation, and by the presence of luminal squamous balls (n = 41). The cells were cuboidal to columnar with stippled chromatin. Mitoses were inconspicuous. A myxoid stroma (n = 64), sclerosis (n = 42), luminal hemorrhage (n = 51), and luminal microliths (calcifications) (n = 33) were characteristic. Nine (13.4 %) were multifocal. CanAd showed the following characteristic immunohistochemistry findings: CK-pan and S100 protein (strong, diffuse reaction); peripheral or luminal GFAP reaction; CK5/6 and p16 luminal squamous ball reaction; SOX10 nuclear reaction; cytoplasmic p63 reaction. CanAd are unique minor salivary gland tumors showing a distinct architecture and phenotype. They predilect to older women, with the majority multilobulated and affecting the upper lip, multifocal in 13 %; no major salivary gland tumors were identified. S100 protein, CK-pan, GFAP and SOX10 are positive, with luminal squamous balls highlighted by CK5/6 or p16.

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Section: Etiology/embryogenesismentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Immunohistochemical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canalicular Adenoma: A Clinicopathologic and Immunohistochemical Analysis of 67 Cases with a Review of the Literature

Thompson

Bauer

Chiosea

et al. 2014

Head and Neck Pathol

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“…22,24 Reactivity for SOX10 is also observed in astrocytomas, myoepithelial tumors, selected other types of salivary gland neoplasms, and a subset of breast carcinomas, particularly basal-like, 'triple-negative, ' and metaplastic carcinomas. 21,25,26 The most recent addition to this group of markers is SATB2 (special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2).…”

Section: Lineage-restricted Transcription Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel uses of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis and classification of soft tissue tumors

Hornick

2014

Modern Pathology

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Immunohistochemistry plays a key role in the diagnosis of soft tissue tumors. Until recently, however, the primary purpose of immunohistochemistry in this context was simply to attempt to demonstrate a line of differentiation. Unfortunately, most traditional markers (predominantly directed against cytoplasmic determinants) show relatively limited specificity. Over the last decade or so, much more specific immunohistochemical markers for soft tissue tumors have been developed. This review will provide an update of some of the most useful new diagnostic markers, which are significantly changing clinical practice for surgical pathologists, separated into three general categories: (1) lineage-restricted transcription factors, (2) protein correlates of molecular alterations, and (3) diagnostic markers identified by gene expression profiling.

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“…11 Bmi-1, as one of the polycomb group genes, is required for the self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and neural stem cells. 12 Here, we identified two proto-oncogenic chromatin regulators, Bmi-1 and high-mobility-group A2 (Hmga2), in 12 pairs of cases in HNSCC tumor lesions and their noncancerous background by cDNA microarray. To clarify the clinical significance of the expressions of these molecules in HNSCC, we focused on the correlation with pathological factors as well as prognosis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem cell self-renewal factors Bmi1 and HMGA2 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: clues for diagnosis

Yamazaki

Mori

Yazawa

et al. 2013

Laboratory Investigation

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Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) includes both morphological and functional cellular heterogeneity, as would be expected if it arose from dysregulated stem or progenitor cells as opposed to the simple clonal expansion of a mutated cell; however, stemness molecule expression levels and distribution in HNSCC remain unclear. To clarify this, stemness molecule expressions were determined in HNSCC, as well as their properties and prognosis. Two protooncogenic chromatin regulators, Bmi-1 and high-mobility-group A2 (Hmga2), were identified in 12 pair cases of HNSCC tumor regions by comparison with their non-cancerous background tissues using cDNA microarray. Both Bmi-1 and Hmga2 are known to promote stem cell self-renewal by negatively regulating the expressions of Ink4a and Arf tumor suppressors. Despite similar targets, Bmi-1 protein was expressed in an early cancerous region and HMGA2 protein was expressed in a region showing more progression. Similarly, Bmi1 expression had no significance with regard to overall survival (P ¼ 0.67), whereas HMGA2 expression was associated with decreased overall survival (P ¼ 0.05). Quantitative realtime reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses also correlated with protein levels. These findings suggest that Bmi-1 is an early detection marker to distinguish cancerous from non-cancerous regions, whereas HMGA2 is presumed to be a tumor prognosis marker. Among our HNSCC analyses, these stemness molecules expressed fewer primitive rare cells in the tumor than all other cells in the tumor. HNSCC cells with high expression of stemness molecules partly behave like stem cells. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is typically associated with virus infection, persistent chronic inflammation, and tobacco and alcohol use. Survival rates have changed in the last 40 years because of reductions in these factors; 1 however, the mortality rate remains high because advanced and recurrent locoregional control is difficult in many cases. Better understanding of the biology of HNSCC is required to define relevant targets and to develop novel therapeutic approaches. HNSCCs have both morphological and functional cellular heterogeneity, as would be expected if they arose from dysregulated stem or progenitor cells as opposed to the simple clonal expansion of a mutated cell. 2 Recently, numerous reports have shown support for the 'cancer stem cell' theory in many types of tumor, including HNSCC. 3,4,5 Acute and chronic myeloid leukemias follow the cancer stem cell model. Both tumors show robustly hematopoietic hierarchical organization in the tumor cells; 6,7 however, for solid cancers such as squamous cell carcinoma, it is not clear how generalizable the cancer stem cell model is. Not all cancer cells have the same capacity to proliferate. 8 In some cancers, most cancer cells appear to have limited ability to proliferate, while in the same tumors, stochastic minority populations of stemness molecules highly expressed in cancer as a 'stem-like cancer' retain the capacity...

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SOX10 is a novel marker of acinus and intercalated duct differentiation in salivary gland tumors: a clue to the histogenesis for tumor diagnosis

Cited by 155 publications

References 17 publications

Canalicular Adenoma: A Clinicopathologic and Immunohistochemical Analysis of 67 Cases with a Review of the Literature

Canalicular Adenoma: A Clinicopathologic and Immunohistochemical Analysis of 67 Cases with a Review of the Literature

Novel uses of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis and classification of soft tissue tumors

Stem cell self-renewal factors Bmi1 and HMGA2 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: clues for diagnosis

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