Soy isoflavone: The multipurpose phytochemical (Review)

Wang, Qinglu; Ge, Xiaoyue; Tian, Xuewen; Zhang, Yujun; Zhang, Jie; Zhang, Pingping

doi:10.3892/br.2013.129

Cited by 151 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The plant protein soy is also capable of stimulating muscle protein synthesis (32). In addition, soy contains many antioxidants and is a good alternative source of protein for those on a vegetarian diet (33). Because whey, casein, and soy all have different AA profiles and digestion rates, a blended protein supplement may potentially provide the benefit of all 3 proteins (34).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soy-Dairy Protein Blend or Whey Protein Isolate Ingestion Induces Similar Postexercise Muscle Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Signaling and Protein Synthesis Responses in Older Men

Borack

Reidy

Husaini

et al. 2016

The Journal of Nutrition

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Background: Previous work demonstrated that a soy-dairy protein blend (PB) prolongs hyperaminoacidemia and muscle protein synthesis in young adults after resistance exercise.Objective: We investigated the effect of PB in older adults. We hypothesized that PB would prolong hyperaminoacidemia, enhancing mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling and muscle protein anabolism compared with a whey protein isolate (WPI).Methods: This double-blind, randomized controlled trial studied men 55–75 y of age. Subjects consumed 30 g protein from WPI or PB (25% soy, 25% whey, and 50% casein) 1 h after leg extension exercise (8 sets of 10 repetitions at 70% one-repetition maximum). Blood and muscle amino acid concentrations and basal and postexercise muscle protein turnover were measured by using stable isotopic methods. Muscle mTORC1 signaling was assessed by immunoblotting.Results: Both groups increased amino acid concentrations (P < 0.05) and mTORC1 signaling after protein ingestion (P < 0.05). Postexercise fractional synthesis rate (FSR; P ≥ 0.05), fractional breakdown rate (FBR; P ≥ 0.05), and net balance (P = 0.08) did not differ between groups. WPI increased FSR by 67% (mean ± SEM: rest: 0.05% ± 0.01%; postexercise: 0.09% ± 0.01%; P < 0.05), decreased FBR by 46% (rest: 0.17% ± 0.01%; postexercise: 0.09% ± 0.03%; P < 0.05), and made net balance less negative (P < 0.05). PB ingestion did not increase FSR (rest: 0.07% ± 0.03%; postexercise: 0.09% ± 0.01%; P ≥ 0.05), tended to decrease FBR by 42% (rest: 0.25% ± 0.08%; postexercise: 0.15% ± 0.08%; P = 0.08), and made net balance less negative (P < 0.05). Within-group percentage of change differences were not different between groups for FSR, FBR, or net balance (P ≥ 0.05).Conclusions: WPI and PB ingestion after exercise in older men induced similar responses in hyperaminoacidemia, mTORC1 signaling, muscle protein synthesis, and breakdown. These data add new evidence for the use of whey or soy-dairy PBs as targeted nutritional interventions to counteract sarcopenia. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01847261.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soy-Dairy Protein Blend or Whey Protein Isolate Ingestion Induces Similar Postexercise Muscle Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Signaling and Protein Synthesis Responses in Older Men

Borack

Reidy

Husaini

et al. 2016

The Journal of Nutrition

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“…Isoflavonoids (IFLs) are suggested to protect against many chronic diseases (including coronary heart diseases, subclinical atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes), to decrease the risk of certain types of cancer such as breast and prostate cancers, and to improve bone health [1–3]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of isoflavonoids after soy intake

Franke

Lai

Halm

2014

Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics

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Soy is the major source of dietary exposure to isoflavonoids (IFLs). Accumulating evidence supports a role for soy and IFLs in the protection against many chronic diseases including cancer. After soy intake we found a biphasic IFL appearance pattern in plasma as well as in urine that we suggest to be due to IFL absorption in the small intestine (ca. 10%) during the first 2 h after intake and IFL absorption in the large intestine (ca. 90%) 4–6 h after intake. While each IFL disappears from the circulation at different times excellent correlations between urinary and circulating IFL values were discovered and algorithms to convert urinary excretion values into circulating levels were established. We suggest the term ‘apparent bioavailability’ when using urinary data to describe IFL exposure. The IFL bioavailability was found to be influenced by gut bacteria, oral antibiotic treatment (OABX), and an individual’s age and health status. While daidzein (DE) and genistein start to be absorbed minutes after intake, equol (EQ) appears in plasma only after a minimum of 8 h following soy intake owing to the required transit time of DE to the colon where the conversion of DE to EQ takes place by intestinal microbiota. We have also shown that the apparent IFL bioavailability is higher in children than adults, higher in healthy versus non-healthy individuals, and decreased in children but increased in adults during OABX. Finally, we propose to use a urinary EQ/DE ratio of 0.018 with a DE threshold to identify EQ producers. With this cutoff definition we observed that EQ production is inconsistent over time in 5–30% of both premenopausal and postmenopausal women.

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“…It has been already established that the health promoting properties of Glycine max can be attributed to the presence of such important compounds (Li et al, 2005). Considering the dietary benefits bestowed by isoflavonoids, this result of the preliminary phytochemical analysis could be of immense significance for non-soybean eating human populations (Wang et al, 2013).It has been highlighted that P.cineraria holds an inevitable importance in the flora of the arid region of Rajasthan (Singh, 2009). Therefore, shedding light on the phytochemical and biochemical properties of this legume will help in their protection amidst changing traditional values.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of an isoflavone glycoside hydrolyzing b-glucosidase in the seeds of the desert legume Prosopis cineraria

Asati

Sharma

2017

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Legumes, in general, are rich in glycosidic isoflavone conjugates, whereby specific -glucosidases act to release the free aglycones that could serve in plant-microbe interactions and defense. Prosopis cineraria is an important legume tree, bearing medicinally useful and edible pods, generally growing in extreme arid/semi-arid zones of Rajasthan. However, specific phytochemical-cum-metabolic profiles are lacking for the same. Therefore, the present investigation undertook phytochemical and metabolic screening of the pods/seeds of P. cineraria for the presence of putative isoflavonoids viz. genistein and daidzein, their glycosides and -glucosidase(s) capable of catalyzing the glycoside hydrolysis. Extraction and identification of these two aglycone forms of the above isoflavonoids were performed with solvent partition chromatography and Fluorescent/High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography, respectively. Furthermore, optimization of the isoflavone conjugate-specific -glucosidase activity with respect to pH optima, temperature and time were carried out. The partially purified enzyme showed a temperature optima of 50°C and pH optima of 4.5. The enzyme also demonstrated activity towards natural substrates daidzin and genistin which are glycosides of isoflavonoids daidzein and genistein respectively. The methanolic extracts of the seeds of P. cineraria indicated the presence of related isoflavonoids which needs to be further validated.

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Soy isoflavone: The multipurpose phytochemical (Review)

Cited by 151 publications

References 49 publications

Soy-Dairy Protein Blend or Whey Protein Isolate Ingestion Induces Similar Postexercise Muscle Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Signaling and Protein Synthesis Responses in Older Men

Soy-Dairy Protein Blend or Whey Protein Isolate Ingestion Induces Similar Postexercise Muscle Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Signaling and Protein Synthesis Responses in Older Men

Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of isoflavonoids after soy intake

Identification of an isoflavone glycoside hydrolyzing b-glucosidase in the seeds of the desert legume Prosopis cineraria

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