Soy Isoflavones Ameliorate Metabolic and Immunological Alterations of Ovariectomy in Female Wistar Rats: Antioxidant and Estrogen Sparing Potential

Abstract

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can alleviate estrogen deficiency symptoms especially during menopause. The present study aimed at investigating the effect of soy isoflavones as HRT on immunological and bone health-related parameters with a special focus on the interactions between immunological status and metabolism. Thirty healthy cyclic female Wistar rats were used in this experiment. Ten females were sham-operated, and 20 females were subjected to ovariectomy. Overiectomized (OVX) female rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: the control group (G1, OVX/casein) was fed a casein-based diet, and the second group (G2, OVX/soy) was fed a high soy isoflavone diet. Both groups were compared to a sham-operated group (G3, sham/casein). Treatments continued for 7 weeks. Feed intake, weight gain, and lymphoid organ relative weights were recorded. Some metabolic, immunological, and bone health-related parameters were measured. Moreover, nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were determined. Bone histopathology and immunohistochemistry to estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) were done. Feeding soy to OVX females reduced feed intake, weight gain, relative lymphoid organ weight, and T-lymphocytes transformation. Soy isoflavone administration normalized nearly all metabolic and immunological parameters to a level comparable to the sham group via oxidative stress amelioration and bone ERα promotion. Soy isoflavones seemed to be good HRT in estrogen deprivation which modulated the appetite, weight gain, lipid profile, proinflammation, and bone turnover.

التأثیر الغذائی لبذور السمسم وبروتین الصویا على کثافة العظام فی الفئران مستأصلة المبیض

“…Many osteoporotic cavities were also seen. The results of the present work are in agreement with those of (Marcu et al, 2011;(Pavel et al2016) and (Abdelrazek et al, 2019) who reported that histomorphometric and statistical results of the outer cortical bone of OVX rats revealed significant decrease in the mean outer cortical bone thickness compared with CN-control ‫المجمد‬ ‫السادس‬ ‫العدد‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫الثالثون‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫سبتمبر‬ 0202 ‫النوعية‬ ‫التربية‬ ‫مجاالت‬ ‫في‬ ‫البحوث‬ ‫مجلة‬ rats. The femur bone of OVX rats also showed resorption cavities and irregularly surface containing osteoclasts and reduction in the cortical and trabecular bone thickness.…”

Biological Effect of Soy Isoflavones in the Prevention of Civilization Diseases

“…The consumption of soy and soy products varies among countries of the world (Figure 3). In Asian countries, where soy is the most popular vegetable, the recommended range is 20–50 g of soy per day [7,19]. In the United States and most Western countries, its consumption is less popular.…”

“…The reviews discussed in the following texts address the relationship between isoflavones and civilization diseases. Numerous studies have suggested that soy isoflavones provide protection against hormone-dependent cancers (including breast and prostate cancer (PCa)), osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetic conditions, and alleviate the symptoms associated with the menopause [6,7]. A study showed that the compounds present in soy had a positive effect on human health and thus suggested an increase in the amount of dietary supplements containing isoflavones and food fortification with these compounds [8].…”

Assessment of safety and efficacy of pine bark extract in normal and ovariectomized mice

“…Abdelrazek et al. (2019) reported that feeding soy isoflavones to rats inhibited OVX‐induced increase in inflammatory mediators. Nevertheless, the values of PBE ingestion in our study (60‐3000 mg/kg body weight) are higher than those in previous work (40 mg/kg body weight), the PBE showed no effect on BMD.…”