Soy isoflavones and glucose metabolism in menopausal women: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

Fang, Ke; Wang, Dingkun; Gong, Jing; Huang, Wenya; Lu, Fanghong

doi:10.1002/mnfr.201501024

Cited by 40 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This demonstrates that it is not only phytoestrogen consumption that influences the potential health benefits; the appropriate gut microbiota composition capable of metabolizing phytoestrogens also plays a crucial role. Dietary supplementation with soy isoflavone phytoestrogens has been shown to significantly decrease insulin levels as well as insulin resistance in a recent meta-analysis of over 1500 postmenopausal women [44]. Additionally, in a separate meta-analysis it was found that soy isoflavone consumption significantly correlated with reduced body weight, glucose and insulin levels in non-Asian postmenopausal women [45].…”

Section: Obesity and Metabolic Syndromementioning

confidence: 98%

Estrogen–gut microbiome axis: Physiological and clinical implications

2017

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Low levels of gonadal circulating estrogen observed in post-menopausal women can adversely impact a diverse range of physiological factors, with clinical implications for brain cognition, gut health, the female reproductive tract and other aspects of women's health. One of the principal regulators of circulating estrogens is the gut microbiome. This review aims to shed light on the role of the gut microbiota in estrogen-modulated disease. The gut microbiota regulates estrogens through secretion of β-glucuronidase, an enzyme that deconjugates estrogens into their active forms. When this process is impaired through dysbiosis of gut microbiota, characterized by lower microbial diversity, the decrease in deconjugation results in a reduction of circulating estrogens. The alteration in circulating estrogens may contribute to the development of conditions discussed herein: obesity, metabolic syndrome, cancer, endometrial hyperplasia, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, fertility, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cognitive function. The bi-directional relationship between the metabolic profile (including estrogen levels) and gut microbiota in estrogen-driven disease will also be discussed. Promising therapeutic interventions manipulating the gut microbiome and the metabolic profile of estrogen-driven disease, such as bariatric surgery and metformin, will be detailed. Modulation of the microbiome composition subsequently impacts the metabolic profile, and vice versa, and has been shown to alleviate many of the estrogen-modulated disease states. Last, we highlight promising research interventions in the field, such as dietary therapeutics, and discuss areas that provide exciting unexplored topics of study.

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Section: Obesity and Metabolic Syndromementioning

confidence: 98%

Estrogen–gut microbiome axis: Physiological and clinical implications

2017

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“…A meta-analysis that examined the effect of soy isoflavones supplementation in peri- and postmenopausal non-Asian women found significant treatment effects, including reduced circulating insulin (−1.37 µIU/mL, 95% CI: (−1.92 to −0.81 µIU/mL)) and insulin resistance as measured by the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (−0.39, 95% CI: (−0.65 to −0.14)) but not FBG [92]. A more recent meta-analysis concluded that isoflavones, particularly genistein, significantly lowered FBG (−0.22 mmol/L, 95% CI (−0.38 to −0.07 mmol/L) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, −0.52, 95% CI: (−0.76 to −0.28) in postmenopausal women, although substantial heterogeneity between studies was noted [93]. Another recent meta-analysis of individuals with T2D and MetS showed significant reductions in FBG and insulin concentrations, compared to placebo, when soy protein was consumed for ≥6 months [94].…”

Section: Interventional Studies Involving Soymentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Soy Protein: A Review of the Effects of Dietary Soy and Its Constituents on Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease

et al. 2017

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The hypocholesterolemic effect of soy is well-documented and this has led to the regulatory approval of a health claim relating soy protein to a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, soybeans contain additional components, such as isoflavones, lecithins, saponins and fiber that may improve cardiovascular health through independent mechanisms. This review summarizes the evidence on the cardiovascular benefits of non-protein soy components in relation to known CVD risk factors such as hypertension, hyperglycemia, inflammation, and obesity beyond cholesterol lowering. Overall, the available evidence suggests non-protein soy constituents improve markers of cardiovascular health; however, additional carefully designed studies are required to independently elucidate these effects. Further, work is also needed to clarify the role of isoflavone-metabolizing phenotype and gut microbiota composition on biological effect.

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“…Dietary phytoestrogens have also been suggested to play a beneficial role in obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes (Bhathena and Velasquez, ; Cederroth and Nef, ; Crespillo et al , ; Jungbauer and Medjakovic, ; Struja et al , ). The meta‐analysis by Fang et al () reported an improvement in glucose metabolism and a significant reduction in insulin levels and insulin resistance in menopausal women, by especially genistein. Also, the meta‐analysis reported by Zhang et al () concluded that soy isoflavone supplementation could improve glucose metabolism and insulin control in non‐Asian postmenopausal women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential health effects of dietary phytoestrogens

Rietjens

Louisse

Beekmann

2016

British J Pharmacology

421

246

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Phytoestrogens are plant‐derived dietary compounds with structural similarity to 17‐β‐oestradiol (E2), the primary female sex hormone. This structural similarity to E2 enables phytoestrogens to cause (anti)oestrogenic effects by binding to the oestrogen receptors. The aim of the present review is to present a state‐of‐the‐art overview of the potential health effects of dietary phytoestrogens. Various beneficial health effects have been ascribed to phytoestrogens, such as a lowered risk of menopausal symptoms like hot flushes and osteoporosis, lowered risks of cardiovascular disease, obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, brain function disorders, breast cancer, prostate cancer, bowel cancer and other cancers. In contrast to these beneficial health claims, the (anti)oestrogenic properties of phytoestrogens have also raised concerns since they might act as endocrine disruptors, indicating a potential to cause adverse health effects. The literature overview presented in this paper illustrates that several potential health benefits of phytoestrogens have been reported but that, given the data on potential adverse health effects, the current evidence on these beneficial health effects is not so obvious that they clearly outweigh the possible health risks. Furthermore, the data currently available are not sufficient to support a more refined (semi) quantitative risk–benefit analysis. This implies that a definite conclusion on possible beneficial health effects of phytoestrogens cannot be made.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Principles of Pharmacological Research of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.11/issuetoc

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Soy isoflavones and glucose metabolism in menopausal women: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

Abstract: Although the results displayed a significant tendency in favor of soy isoflavones, it appears that genistein alone played an important role in improving glucose metabolism due to its low heterogeneity.

Cited by 40 publications

References 48 publications

Estrogen–gut microbiome axis: Physiological and clinical implications

Estrogen–gut microbiome axis: Physiological and clinical implications

Beyond the Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Soy Protein: A Review of the Effects of Dietary Soy and Its Constituents on Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease

The potential health effects of dietary phytoestrogens

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