Soy Isoflavones and Osteoporotic Bone Loss: A Review with an Emphasis on Modulation of Bone Remodeling

Abstract

Osteoporosis is an age-related disorder that affects both women and men, although estrogen deficiency induced by menopause accelerates bone loss in older women. As the demographic shifts to a more aged population, a growing number of men and women will be afflicted with osteoporosis. Since the current drug therapies available have multiple side effects, including increased risk of developing certain types of cancer or complications, a search for potential nonpharmacologic alternative therapies for osteoporosis is of prime interest. Soy isoflavones (SI) have demonstrated potential bone-specific effects in a number of studies. This article provides a systematic review of studies on osteoporotic bone loss in relation to SI intake from diet or supplements to comprehensively explain how SI affect the modulation of bone remodeling. Evidence from epidemiologic studies supports that dietary SI attenuate menopause-induced osteoporotic bone loss by decreasing bone resorption and stimulating bone formation. Other studies have also illustrated that bone site-specific trophic and synergistic effects combined with exercise intervention might contribute to improve the bioavailability of SI or strengthen the bonespecific effects. To date, however, the effects of dietary SI on osteoporotic bone loss remain inconclusive, and study results vary from study to study. The current review will discuss the potential factors that result in the conflicting outcomes of these studies, including dosages, intervention materials, study duration, race, and genetic differences. Further well-designed studies are needed to fully understand the underlying mechanism and evaluate the effects of SI on osteoporosis in humans.

Effect of jackfruit seed fortification on high calcium milk on bone collagen density

“…Increased density of bone collagen fibers was observed in the study. 21 Based on the results of the study, the post ovarioectomy group which was given jackfruit seed extract had a higher collagen fiber density compared to the post ovarioectomy group given high calcium milk. This can occur because in the condition of postmenopausal osteoporosis, the body lacks estrogen hormone which is one of the important hormones that play a role in regulating bone formation.…”

TMF and glycitin act synergistically on keratinocytes and fibroblasts to promote wound healing and anti-scarring activity

“…25 For example, genistein and daidzein can prevent osteoporosis by increasing bone mineral content and density and by stimulating the formation of bone tissue. 26 The antioxidant properties of isoflavones are also believed to protect against atherosclerosis, which is characterized by oxidation of the low density lipoprotein component of cholesterol that blocks the blood flow. 27 Isoflavones can further activate estrogen receptors in the vagina, ovum and lacteal gland by mimicking estrogens or functioning as anti-estrogens, 28 and these have been shown to have an antioxidant ability, similar to vitamin E/C.…”

The Use of Vitamins and Minerals in Skeletal Health: American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American College of Endocrinology Position Statement

“…Tea flavonoids have been suggested to protect against bone loss, but epidemiologic studies have shown mixed results of habitual tea consumption on BMD and fracture risk, and the results from clinical trials are limited (94). There has been increasing interest in whether isoflavones can promote bone health and ameliorate bone loss (95), but studies are conflicting regarding a positive BMD effect (96). There is little support for the use of isoflavone supplements in Western countries due to inconclusive evidence that these compounds improve BMD or decrease fracture risk (97)(98)(99).…”