Soy oil lutein adsorption by rice hull ash

Proctor, Andrew; Palaniappan, Sevugan

doi:10.1007/bf02636188

Cited by 49 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Thus, 500°C was the optimal temperature for the production of rice hull ash. Present findings confirm those of Proctor and Palaniappan (3).…”

Section: By Dotted Linessupporting

confidence: 95%

“…Increasing the ashing temperature decreases the bleaching ability of the ash (3,4). Proctor and Palaniappan (3) found that the most effective ashing temperature in the range of 500-1,000°C was 500°C, but Liew et al (4) observed that heat treatment of rice hull at temperatures below 300°C resulted in the most active adsorbent after acid activation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Most studies focus on the bleaching of soy oil/hexane miscella (1,3) or palm oil/hexane miscella (4), while any report on the adsorption of sesame oil, which is one of the edible oils in Taiwan, with rice hull adsorbent cannot be found.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rice hull ash structure and bleaching performance produced by ashing at various times and temperatures

Chang

Lin

Chen

2001

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Surface areas, pore sizes, and bleaching efficiencies of rice hull ashes produced under different time and temperature conditions were examined. Specific surface area and average pore diameter were measured by a surface area meter. Bleaching efficiencies were calculated based on the Lovibond color indices of sesame oil before and after bleaching by rice hull ash. Experimental results indicated that specific surface area and pore size increased with increase in ashing temperature, reached a maximum, and then decreased. Specific surface area decreased while pore size enlarged with the increase in ashing time. Both surface area and pore size were observed to reach a plateau after 30 min. Bleaching efficiency increased with increasing ashing temperature, reached a maximum, and then decreased with further increase in ashing temperature. It also increased with ashing time and then reached a plateau. Bleaching efficiency remained unaffected by specific surface area when the pore diameter was less than 50 Å but varied with specific surface area when the pore diameter was larger than 50 Å.Paper no. J9580 in JAOCS 78, 657-660 (June 2001). KEY WORDS:Bleaching efficiency, pore size, rice hull ash, sesame oil, surface area.Activated clay has been widely used in the refining oil industry to remove color bodies and other impurities in edible oil. In recent years, rice hull adsorbents have been evaluated to replace activated clay as an adsorbent (1). Rice hull is a byproduct of the cereal industry. In Taiwan, it is normally disposed of by burning in the field, thus resulting in environmental pollution. Hence, adsorption bleaching of edible oil by rice hull adsorbents merits further investigation in order to combat environmental pollution. Heating in an inert gas produces a charred rice hull rich in carbon. However, if rice hulls are heated in an oxidizing environment, only a trace amount of carbon is found. Ash thus produced is an amorphous silica in the form of opal CT (2) and is usually designated as rice hull ash or rice hull silica.Rice hull ash is a good phospholipid adsorbent but ineffective for adsorbing lutein, free fatty acids, and peroxides from soy oil (1). However, it is an attractive adsorbent for Taiwan, where rice hull is plentiful and cheap.Processing conditions of rice hull ash may affect the bleaching ability of the ash. Increasing the ashing temperature decreases the bleaching ability of the ash (3,4). Proctor and Palaniappan (3) found that the most effective ashing temperature in the range of 500-1,000°C was 500°C, but Liew et al. (4) observed that heat treatment of rice hull at temperatures below 300°C resulted in the most active adsorbent after acid activation. The effect of heating temperature on the pore surface area and volume in the range of 500-1,100°C was reported by Ibrahim et al. (5).Heating time may also influence the bleaching efficiency of the ash. However, this topic has not yet received attention. On the other hand, the effect of heating time on the pore structure and crystal size of the rice h...

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“…Thus, 500°C was the optimal temperature for the production of rice hull ash. Present findings confirm those of Proctor and Palaniappan (3).…”

Section: By Dotted Linessupporting

confidence: 95%

mentioning

confidence: 96%

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Rice hull ash structure and bleaching performance produced by ashing at various times and temperatures

Chang

Lin

Chen

2001

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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“…Proctor and Palaniappan [31] found that a silicate material derived from rice husk ash was capable of binding lutein from soy oil in hexane at room temperature. Acid washing lowered the ash pH and enhanced lutein adsorption by the ash.…”

Section: Absorbentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the physicochemical treatments of rice husk for production of advanced materials

Soltani

Bahrami

Pech-Canul

et al. 2015

Chemical Engineering Journal

519

231

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“…These same observations were made by Salawudeen et al (2007) while evaluating the effectiveness of acid treated clays for palm oil bleaching. Proctor and Palaniappan (1989) and Brace (1973) attributed the high adsorptive power of HCl activated clays to the complete removal of aluminium, magnesium and calcium ions within the crystal of the clay. Based on these explanations, it may be inferred that impurities such as Fe 2 O 3 , CaO and MgO e.t.c that cover part of the active sites are washed away by acid activation and the number of active site available for adsorption increased (Salawudeen et al, 2007).…”

Section: Performance Of Adsorbents Samples In the Bleaching Of Palm Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance evaluation of local clays from northern Nigeria for the refining of palm oil

I.¹

2013

J. Chem. Eng. Mater. Sci.

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The effectiveness of adsorbents (unactivated and acid activated) developed from local raw materialsclay and diatomaceous earth samples -sourced from various geographical locations in northern Nigeria for use in the adsorptive bleaching of palm oil was studied. Two acids namely hydrochloric and sulphuric acids of varying strengths 20, 30 and 45% were used for the activation. A batch adsorption process of operation was employed in the bleaching step. Results obtained in which the performance of these locally prepared adsorbents were expressed in terms of percentage colour reductions showed that, the acid-activated samples were more effective in the adsorptive bleaching of palm oil. As much as 96.5 and 98% colour reductions were attained in the first and second sequences of the bleaching steps respectively. This performance compares very well with those of well-known commercial adsorbents (fuller's earth and activated carbon).

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Soy oil lutein adsorption by rice hull ash

Cited by 49 publications

References 6 publications

Rice hull ash structure and bleaching performance produced by ashing at various times and temperatures

Rice hull ash structure and bleaching performance produced by ashing at various times and temperatures

Review on the physicochemical treatments of rice husk for production of advanced materials

Performance evaluation of local clays from northern Nigeria for the refining of palm oil

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