Soy protein isolate-carboxymethyl cellulose conjugates with pH sensitivity for sustained avermectin release

Abstract

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was grafted onto the surface of soy protein isolate (SPI) to obtain soy protein isolate-carboxymethyl cellulose conjugate (SPC). Avermectin (AVM) was hydrophobically encapsulated as a model drug to obtain SPC@AVM. The reaction between SPI and CMC was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that the average particle size of the drug-loaded microspheres was 129 nm and the shape of microspheres changed from block to spherical after the addition of AVM. After encapsulation of AVM, the absolute value of zeta potential was greater than 15 mV, which indicated better stability. Compared to AVM solution, SPC@AVM showed more wettability on the leaf surface and the contact angle on the leaves decreased from 71.64° to 57.33°. The maximum liquid holding capacity increased by 41.41%, from 8.85 to 12.52 mg cm −2 , which effectively reduced leaf loss. SPC@AVM also prevented UV photolysis, wherein the half-life was extended from 18 to 68 min when exposed to UV light. Moreover, toxicity tests showed that the encapsulation of AVM was beneficial to retain the insecticidal effect of AVM in the presence of ultraviolet light. The release rate of AVM showed pH responsiveness and the release rate under neutral conditions was faster than acidic and alkaline conditions. Moreover, the process conformed to the Weibull model.

Facile Mechanical-Induced Functionalization of Hexagonal Boron Nitride and Its Application as Vehicles for Antibacterial Essential Oil

“…In detail, for the case of SPI-BNNS, the weight loss of 27.7% between 200 and 450 °C with the gradient peak at 314 °C is ascribed to the denaturation of SPI molecules, i.e., the cleavage of covalent bonding between the peptide bonds of the amino acid, proving that the interactions between SPI and BNNS enhance the thermal stability of pure SPI upon conjugating with BNNS via π−π stacking and hydrogen bonds, compared to our previous data showing the peak value 246 °C for pure SPI. 43 Likewise, as for the case of CMC-BNNS, the main weight loss peak owing to decomposition of the main chain appeared at 292 °C in the narrow range 250− 325 °C with the calculated content of 22.6%, and another weak peak centered at 462 °C with the content of 9.0%, where the former is close to the peak at 289 °C for pure CMC, 45 and the latter one becomes more obvious and larger than pure CMC ascribed to a cross-linked carbon skeleton forming, 75 also implying the successful conjugation between CMC and BNNS via electrostatic interaction. The higher content of SPI within SPI-BNNS as compared to CMC content for CMC-BNNS also confirms that SPI is more favorable to interact with BNNS at the same mass ratio (SPI or CMC to h-BN of 2:1).…”

“…Hence, a more efficient and environmental approach for simultaneous exfoliation and functionalization of BNNS is in urgent demand. Biomacromolecules such as polysaccharides and proteins have promising potentials to explore biomolecule-assisted exfoliation and functionalization of BNNS to achieve a strong interface and amphiphilic functional groups. , Regarding this, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) possesses intriguing characteristics of good hydrophilicity, adhesion, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, which has been reported to improve the stability and surface properties of denatured feather keratin via incorporation and achieve the aim of loading pesticide. , Hence, CMC is suitable to improve the hydrophilicity and interfacial properties of BNNS. However, it is not easy to combine with BNNS directly.…”

“…40,41 Regarding this, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) possesses intriguing characteristics of good hydrophilicity, adhesion, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, 42 which has been reported to improve the stability and surface properties of denatured feather keratin via incorporation and achieve the aim of loading pesticide. 43,44 Hence, CMC is suitable to improve the hydrophilicity and interfacial properties of BNNS. However, it is not easy to combine with BNNS directly.…”

Characteristic and mechanism analysis of sludge polymer by adding carboxymethyl cellulose-g-acrylic acid for sludge utilization

“…Peaks near 1548 and 1670 cm À1 are caused by carboxylate anions and carboxamides. Because of their hydrophilicity, the introduction of COO-, -CONH helps the water absorption of the composites (Chen et al 2019;Elsaeed et al 2021). Near…”

pH-sensitive thiamethoxam nanoparticles based on bimodal mesoporous silica for improving insecticidal efficiency

“…Polyacrylic acid (PAA) is a weakly acidic polymer with a carboxyl group. Under alkaline conditions, the ionization state of the polymer changes, resulting in a change in water solubility [16][17][18]. The digestive systems of insects exhibit alkaline pH [19,20].…”