Soy, Soy Isoflavones, and Protein Intake in Relation to Mortality from All Causes, Cancers, and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

Nachvak, Seyed Mostafa; Moradi, Shima; Anjom-Shoae, Javad; Rahmani, Jamal; Nasiri, Morteza; Maleki, Vahid; Sadeghi, Omid

doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.04.011

Cited by 96 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…When the association between consumption of animal protein and all cause mortality was examined in 11 publications,1011131415161719565861 including a total of 304 100 participants and 60 495 deaths, no significant association was found (pooled effect size comparing highest and lowest intakes was 1.00, 95% confidence interval 0.94 to 1.05, P=0.86), with moderate heterogeneity among the studies (I 2 =45.2%, P=0.04; fig 2). Consumption of plant protein, however, which was examined in 13 articles10111213141516171956575861 with a total of 439 339 participants and 95 892 deaths, was inversely associated with all cause mortality (pooled effect size comparing the highest and lowest intakes was 0.92, 0.87 to 0.97, P=0.002), with significant heterogeneity among the studies (I 2 =57.5%, P=0.003; fig 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies found that consumption of animal proteins was associated with a higher risk of mortality,151617 whereas others reported no significant association between intake of animal or plant proteins and risk of all cause and cause specific mortality 111318. A recent meta-analysis showed that intake of soy protein was associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer mortality, but it was not associated with all cause and cardiovascular disease mortality 19. No information is available for the strength and shape of a dose-response relation between consumption of proteins and risk of mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary intake of total, animal, and plant proteins and risk of all cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Naghshi

Sadeghi

Willett

et al. 2020

BMJ

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222

134

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ObjectiveTo examine and quantify the potential dose-response relation between intake of total, animal, and plant protein and the risk of mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.Data sourcesPubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science until December 2019, and references of retrieved relevant articles.Study selectionProspective cohort studies that reported the risk estimates for all cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in adults aged 18 or older.Data synthesisRandom effects models were used to calculate pooled effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals for the highest versus lowest categories of protein intake and to incorporate variation between studies. Linear and non-linear dose-response analyses were done to evaluate the dose-response relations between protein intake and mortality.Results32 prospective cohort studies were included in the systematic review and 31 in the meta-analysis. During the follow-up period of 3.5 to 32 years, 113 039 deaths (16 429‬ from cardiovascular disease and 22 303‬ from cancer) occurred among 715 128 participants. Intake of total protein was associated with a lower risk of all cause mortality (pooled effect size 0.94, 95% confidence interval 0.89 to 0.99, I2=58.4%, P<0.001). Intake of plant protein was significantly associated with a lower risk of all cause mortality (pooled effect size 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.87 to 0.97, I2=57.5%, P=0.003) and cardiovascular disease mortality (pooled hazard ratio 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.80 to 0.96, I2=63.7%, P=0.001), but not with cancer mortality. Intake of total and animal protein was not significantly associated with risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality. A dose-response analysis showed a significant inverse dose-response association between intake of plant protein and all cause mortality (P=0.05 for non-linearity). An additional 3% energy from plant proteins a day was associated with a 5% lower risk of death from all causes.ConclusionsHigher intake of total protein was associated with a lower risk of all cause mortality, and intake of plant protein was associated with a lower risk of all cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. Replacement of foods high in animal protein with plant protein sources could be associated with longevity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary intake of total, animal, and plant proteins and risk of all cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Naghshi

Sadeghi

Willett

et al. 2020

BMJ

Self Cite

222

134

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Another recent meta-analysis also suggested that a daily consumption of 10mg/day of soy isoflavones reduced breast cancer mortality by 9% [38]. However, no association was identified between soy supplement intake and breast cancer risk.…”

Section: Flavonoid/polyphenol Intake and Incidence Of Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The breast cancer prevention effect was more evident in the East Asian compared to the Western population due to the high consumption of soy-related foods [76][77][78][79]. In the Western world, consumption of isoflavones usually comes from genistein/daidzein supplementation and the amount of isoflavone that is available is lower in supplements compared to soy-related foods [38]. The cancer prevention property of isoflavone is not conclusive based on epidemiological studies.…”

Section: Conclusion and Further Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonoids and Other Polyphenols Act as Epigenetic Modifiers in Breast Cancer

et al. 2020

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Breast cancer is a common cancer that occurs due to different epigenetic alterations and genetic mutations. Various epidemiological studies have demonstrated an inverse correlation between breast cancer incidence and flavonoid intake. The anti-cancer action of flavonoids, a class of polyphenolic compounds that are present in plants, as secondary metabolites has been a major topic of research for many years. Our review analysis demonstrates that flavonoids exhibit anti-cancer activity against breast cancer occurring in different ethnic populations. Breast cancer subtype and menopausal status are the key factors in inducing the flavonoid’s anti-cancer action in breast cancer. The dose is another key factor, with research showing that approximately 10 mg/day of isoflavones is required to inhibit breast cancer occurrence. In addition, flavonoids also influence the epigenetic machinery in breast cancer, with research demonstrating that epigallocatechin, genistein, and resveratrol all inhibited DNA methyltransferase and altered chromatin modification in breast cancer. These flavonoids can induce the expression of different tumor suppressor genes that may contribute to decreasing breast cancer progression and metastasis. Additional studies are required to confirm the contribution of epigenetic modifications by flavonoids to breast cancer prevention.

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“…Soy has received attention for its potential effects on health 123. Soy is rich in protein, fibre, and unsaturated fat, as well as isoflavones 4.…”

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confidence: 99%

Soy intake and health

Kurotani

Takimoto

2020

BMJ

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Soy, Soy Isoflavones, and Protein Intake in Relation to Mortality from All Causes, Cancers, and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

Cited by 96 publications

References 68 publications

Dietary intake of total, animal, and plant proteins and risk of all cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Dietary intake of total, animal, and plant proteins and risk of all cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Flavonoids and Other Polyphenols Act as Epigenetic Modifiers in Breast Cancer

Soy intake and health

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