Soyasapogenol A and B Distribution in Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) in Relation to Seed Physiology, Genetic Variability, and Growing Location

Abstract

An efficient analytical method utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) was developed to isolate and quantify the two major soyasaponin aglycones or precursors in soybeans, triterpene soyasapogenol A and B. Soaking of seeds in water up to 15 h did not change the content of soyasapogenols. Seed germination had no influence on soyasapogenol A content but increased the accumulation of soyasapogenol B. Soyasapogenols were mainly concentrated in the axis of the seeds as compared with the cotyledons and seed coat. In the seedling, the root (radicle) contained the highest concentration of soyasapogenol A, while the plumule had the greatest amounts of soyasapogenol B. In 10 advanced food-grade soybean cultivars grown in four locations in Ontario, total soyasapogenol content in soybeans was 2 +/- 0.3 mg/g. Soyasapogenol B content (1.5 +/- 0.27 mg/g) was 2.5-4.5-fold higher than soyasapogenol A content (0.49 +/- 0.1 mg/g). A significant variation in soyasapogenol content was observed among cultivars and growing locations. There was no significant correlation between the content of soyasapogenols and the total isoflavone aglycones.

Comparison of saponin composition and content in wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc.) before and after germination

“…Shimoyamada et al 17) extracted saponins for 5 h at 80°C and studied the influence of germination and light irrigation on saponin composition and content. Except Rupasinghe et al, 16) Jyothi et al 15) and Shimoyamada et al 17) are supposed to detect DDMP saponins in their study. But, they did not detect DDMP saponins given the fact that long extraction time at high temperature can degrade all DDMP saponins into group B and/or group E saponins.…”

“…22) Perhaps, researchers have detected group A saponins in the roots of eight-day-old soybean seedlings 17) and cotyledons of mature seeds. 14) Rupasinghe et al 16) detected considerable amounts of SS-A in plumule and radical of five-day-old soybean seedlings. Similar to previous results, we detected group A saponins in many tissues other than seed hypocotyl (Table 1, 2; Fig.…”

“…[4][5][6] Despite several reports on the complexity of the chemical structure diversity of saponins and seed saponin composition, the distribution of saponin composition and content as well as the physiological function of saponins in the soybean plant is not clearly understood. Jyothi et al 15) Rupasinghe et al 16) , and Shimoyamada et al 17) have reported that germination upregulates the content of group B saponins and SS-B, and down-regulates the content of group A saponins and SS-A in soybean. Jyothi et al 15) extracted saponins for 36 h using soxlet and studied the changes of saponin Bb whereas Rupasinghe et al 16) performed saponin extraction at 50°C for 2 h and studied the changes of SS-A and SS-B concentration before and after germination.…”

“…Jyothi et al 15) Rupasinghe et al 16) , and Shimoyamada et al 17) have reported that germination upregulates the content of group B saponins and SS-B, and down-regulates the content of group A saponins and SS-A in soybean. Jyothi et al 15) extracted saponins for 36 h using soxlet and studied the changes of saponin Bb whereas Rupasinghe et al 16) performed saponin extraction at 50°C for 2 h and studied the changes of SS-A and SS-B concentration before and after germination. Shimoyamada et al 17) extracted saponins for 5 h at 80°C and studied the influence of germination and light irrigation on saponin composition and content.…”

Evaluation of Phytochemicals, Total Phenols, Antioxidant and Anthelmintic Activity of Hot Water Extracts of Cuminum Cyminum Seeds

“…The phenolic compounds are heterogeneous groups of substances that are present in almost all plants, inside the vacuole, cytoplasm or consisting the cell wall 20 . Natural antioxidant mainly come from plants in the form of phenolic compounds such as flavonoid, phenolic acids, tocopherols etc.…”