Soyasaponins Reduce Inflammation and Improve Serum Lipid Profiles and Glucose Homeostasis in High Fat Diet‐Induced Obese Mice

Abstract

Soyasaponins reduce inflammation and improve serum lipid profiles and glucose homeostasis in HFD-induced obese mice.

Soyasaponins reduce inflammation by downregulating MyD88 expression and suppressing the recruitments of TLR4 and MyD88 into lipid rafts

“…The mRNA expression of inflammatory markers (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS and COX-2) in liver tissues was detected by using FQ-PCR. Preparation of total RNA, cDNA synthesis, and PCR were operated as described previously [7]. The primers used were as follows: TNFα (forward: 5′-CCACCACGCTCTTCTGTCTA-3′, reverse: 5′-TGGTTTGTGAGTGTGAGGGT-3′), IL-6 (forward: 5′-TTCTTGGGACTGATGCTGGT-3′, reverse: 5′-CAGGTCTGTTGGGAGTGGTA -3′), IL-1β (forward: 5′-TGACGGACCCCAAAAGATGA-3′, reverse: 5′-CTGCTGCGAGATTTGAAGCT-3′), iNOS (forward: 5′-ACCCAAGGTCTACGTTCAGG-3′, reverse: 5′-CGCACATCTCCGCAAATGTA-3′), COX-2 (forward: 5′-CAGGTCATTGGTGGAGAGGT-3′, reverse: 5′-TCAGGGATGTGAGGAGGGTA-3′), β-actin (forward: 5′-GTGGGAATGGGTCAGAAGGA-3′, reverse: 5′-CTTCTCCATGTCGTCCCAGT-3′).…”

“…In the past several decades, the plant food-borne secondary metabolites (phytochemicals) have attracted intensive research interests because they possess a wide-range of health-promoting bioactivities including anti-inflammation and exhibit great potentials in the prevention of NCDs [5,6]. Soyasaponins are a group of phytochemicals that are present in soybeans and its products with an average content in soybeans varying from 0.17 to 6.16% [7]. They are oleanane triterpenoid glycosides constructing with a non-polar pentacyclic ring and polar sugar chains, and generally classified into four main groups (A, B, E and DDMP) according to the chemical structure of soyasapogenol [8].…”

“…The group A soyasaponins including sixteen members (A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , A 5 , A 6 , Aa or acetyl A 4 , Ab or acetyl A 1 , Ac, Ad, Ae or acetyl A 5 , Af or acetyl A 2 , Ag or acetyl A 6 , Ah or acetyl A 3 , A X and A 3 ) and group B soyasaponins containing seven main members (B a or V, B b or I, B c or II, B b ' or III, B c ' or B X , IV and B h ) are naturally the most abundant types in soybean and its related products [8,9]. Soyasaponins have multiple healthpromoting effects such as anticarcinogenic, hypocholesterolemic, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, anticoagulant, and antioxidant bioactivities [7][8][9].…”

“…We recently found that soyasaponins (A 1 , A 2 or I) inhibited inflammation (reduced PGE 2 production and COX-2 expression) by suppressing the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/ NF-κB signaling pathway [17]. Moreover, soyasaponins (A 1 , A 2 or I) could reduce inflammation in both liver and white adipose tissue in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese male C57BL/6 J mice [7]. These studies provide evidences that soyasaponins have anti-inflammatory bioactivities both in vivo and in vitro.…”

“…These studies provide evidences that soyasaponins have anti-inflammatory bioactivities both in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, the molecular mechanisms underlying soyasaponin's anti-inflammatory bioactivities are associated with the inhibitory modulation on signaling pathway including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) [7,11,12,17], phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/ Akt) [7,17] and mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) [13,18,19]. The NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways are known to be the downstream targets of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway including TLR4 [20], which suggests the possible involvement of TLR4 in soyasaponin's anti-inflammatory mechanism.…”