Soybean and Fish Oil Mixture With Different ω‐6/ω‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Ratios Modulates Dextran Sulfate Sodium–Induced Changes in Small Intestinal Intraepithelial γδT‐Lymphocyte Expression in Mice

Abstract

Fish oil diets with a ω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio of 2:1 were more effective than those with a ratio of 4:1 in improving DSS-induced small intestinal injury, and activation of PPAR-γ in IEL γδT cells may be associated with resolution of small intestinal inflammation.

Metabolic Control of γδ T Cell Function

“…ω-3 PUFAs suppress IL-17A production by γδ T cells and CD4 + T cells to reduce skin inflammation, which further delays the pathologic process of psoriasis 27 . In the development of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis, a lower ratio of ω-6/ω-3 PUFAs in the diet appears more effective to repair small intestinal injury, which is achieved by increasing the expression level of PPARγ in γδ T cell receptor + intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) 28 . However, γδ T cells are also insensitive to some fatty acids, such as linoleic acid (Figure 1).…”

“…27 In the development of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis, a lower ratio of v-6/v-3 PUFAs in the diet appears more effective to repair small intestinal injury, which is achieved by increasing the expression level of PPARg in gd T cell receptor + intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). 28 However, gd T cells are also insensitive to some fatty acids, such as linoleic acid (Figure 1). 29 As a classic endocrine organ, adipose tissue is indispensable for maintaining the homeostasis of lipid metabolism.…”