Soybean and linseed oil‐based composites reinforced with wood flour and wood fibers

Quirino, Rafael L.; Woodford, John; Larock, Richard C.

doi:10.1002/app.35161

Cited by 33 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The presence of a single transition is indicative of a homogeneous polymer with no evident phase separation. It is worth noting that the use of vegetable oils with less carbon-carbon double bonds typically results in polymers with more than one T g [8,9], and this behavior has been attributed to a micro-phase separation within the polymer network due to a significant difference in reactivity of the co-monomers used. The presence of a single tanδ peak for the composite samples (Figure 9c-e) also suggests that cellulose fibers have been evenly distributed throughout the polymer, providing universal thermo-mechanical properties for the entire sample.…”

Section: Thermo-mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The difficulty with binding between vegetable oil-based polymers and reinforcement lies within typical incompatibility of common hydrophobic resins and hydrophilic fillers. In vegetable oil-based thermosets reinforced with rice hulls [8], and wood flour [9], mechanical property improvements have been made by enhancing the reinforcement-resin interactions with the addition of maleic anhydride as a co-monomer. In another study, asolectin, a phospholipid mixture isolated from soybeans previously used as a synthetic protein transport vessel [10,11], was employed as a bio-based compatibilizer between cellulose and a tung oil-based matrix [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bio-Based Composites with Enhanced Matrix-Reinforcement Interactions from the Polymerization of α-Eleostearic Acid

Murawski

Quirino

2019

Coatings

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Vegetable oil-based composites have been proposed as interesting bio-based materials in the recent past. The carbon-carbon double bonds in unsaturated vegetable oils are ideal reactive sites for free radical polymerization. Without the presence of a reinforcement, typical vegetable oil-based polymers cannot achieve competitive thermo-mechanical properties. Compatibilizers have been utilized to enhance the adhesion between resin and reinforcement. This work discusses the antagonist implications of polarity and crosslink density of an unprecedented polar α-eleostearic acid-based resin reinforced with α-cellulose, eliminating the need of a compatibilizer. It is shown that the polar regions of α-eleostearic acid can interact directly with the polar reinforcement. The successful isolation of α-eleostearic acid from tung oil was verified via GC-MS, 1 H NMR, Raman, and FT-IR spectroscopies. The optimal cure schedule for the resin was determined by DSC and DEA. The composites' thermo-mechanical properties were assessed by TGA, DSC, and DMA.

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Section: Thermo-mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Based Composites with Enhanced Matrix-Reinforcement Interactions from the Polymerization of α-Eleostearic Acid

Murawski

Quirino

2019

Coatings

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“…As a result, numerous vegetable oil-based thermosetting resin systems have been recently studied [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Vegetable oil-based resins recently developed include polyester amides [7], and cyanate esters [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resulting materials from the polymerization of tung oil consist of highly crosslinked thermosets. Whenever vegetable oil-based thermosetting resins are reinforced with materials exhibiting a polar surface, there is an intrinsic incompatibility between the hydrophobic resin and the hydrophilic reinforcement, which can be overcome by the addition of compatibilizers to the resin formulation [3,12]. Very recently, the successful use of asolectin as a natural compatibilizer for cellulose-reinforced tung oil-based composites has been reported [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emulsion Polymerization of Tung Oil-Based Latexes with Asolectin as a Biorenewable Surfactant

et al. 2016

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Bio-based vesicles, with potential application in drug delivery and/or catalyst encapsulation, have been prepared by the free radical emulsion co-polymerization of tung oil, divinylbenzene (DVB), n-butyl methacrylate (BMA), and asolectin in a xylene/water mixture. The free radical polymerization was initiated by di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) at 100 • C in a convection oven. Molecular weights of approximately 11,000 Da were measured by Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight (Maldi-TOF) for tung oil-asolectin copolymers, verifying that significant polymerization occurs under the cure conditions employed. The cure of the co-monomer mixture employed in this work was monitored by Dielectric Analysis (DEA), while changes in the Raman spectrum of all co-monomers before and after the cure, along with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, have been used to verify the need of a post-cure step and completion of the polymerization reaction. Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) images of the emulsion after polymerization indicate that vesicles were formed, and vesicle size distribution of samples prepared with different amounts of tung oil were determined using a Zetasizer.

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“…In the recent decade, there has been extensive research dedicated to the development of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites using bio-based thermosets as the matrix resin [24][25][26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Scheme 1 Reaction Mechanism Of Epoxy and Anhydride Curingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-based high performance epoxy-anhydride thermosets for structural composites: The effect of composition variables

Paramarta

Webster

2016

Reactive and Functional Polymers

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Please cite this article as: Adlina Paramarta, Dean C. Webster, Bio-based high performance epoxy-anhydride thermosets for structural composites: The effect of composition variables, (2016), AbstractThe structure-property relationships of a designed series of anhydride-cured epoxidized sucrose soyate (ESS) thermosets were studied. Epoxidized sucrose soyate is a novel bio-based epoxy resin derived from sucrose and soybean oil fatty acids, and it contains an average of 12 epoxy functional groups per molecule. This epoxy resin was crosslinked with methyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride to form polyester thermosets with high crosslink density, and a zinc-complex catalyst was used. In this study, the impact of composition variables-anhydrideto-epoxy molar ratio and catalyst amount-on the chemical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the thermosets were examined. All of the thermoset samples had very high gel fraction, which indicated excellent network connectivity. Samples made using an equimolar ratio of anhydrideto-epoxy groups had lower conversion of functional groups as shown by the somewhat lower gel fraction and higher moisture absorption. Analysis of the thermomechanical and tensile properties of the thermosets suggests that there is a factor interaction between anhydride-toepoxy molar ratio and catalyst amount. Furthermore, the results suggest that the molecular networks of the thermoset samples are fairly complex due to the simultaneous competing reactions between catalyst-initiated epoxy-anhydride, hydroxyl-initiated epoxy-anhydride, and epoxy homopolymerization.

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Soybean and linseed oil‐based composites reinforced with wood flour and wood fibers

Cited by 33 publications

References 39 publications

Bio-Based Composites with Enhanced Matrix-Reinforcement Interactions from the Polymerization of α-Eleostearic Acid

Bio-Based Composites with Enhanced Matrix-Reinforcement Interactions from the Polymerization of α-Eleostearic Acid

Emulsion Polymerization of Tung Oil-Based Latexes with Asolectin as a Biorenewable Surfactant

Bio-based high performance epoxy-anhydride thermosets for structural composites: The effect of composition variables

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