Soybean (Glycine max) Oil Bodies and Their Associated Phytochemicals

Abstract

Soybean oil bodies were isolated from 3 cultivars (Ustie, K98, and Elena) and the occurrence of 2 classes of phytochemicals (tocopherol isoforms and isoflavones) and strength of their association with isolated oil bodies was evaluated. Tocopherol is shown to be closely associated with soybean oil bodies; δ-tocopherol demonstrated a significantly greater association with oil bodies over other tocopherol isoforms. Isoflavones do not show a significant physical association with oil bodies, although there is some indication of a passive association of the more hydrophobic aglycones during oil body isolation.

Macronutrients and Micronutrients of Soybean Oil Bodies Extracted at Different pH

“…Table shows that OBs contain all tocopherol isoforms, δ‐tocopherol is the major one, followed by β‐ and γ‐tocopherol, and α‐tocopherol is the minor one, in agreement with the results by Fisk and Gray (). It was found that total tocopherol was about 75 mg/100 g neutral lipid of OBs, which was not affected by pH.…”

“…It was found that total tocopherol was about 75 mg/100 g neutral lipid of OBs, which was not affected by pH. It was reported that total tocopherol of pH 7.5 extracted OBs was 27 to 34 mg/100 g OBs for 3 varieties of soybean supplied by Soya U.K. Ltd. (Southampton, U.K.; Fisk and Gray ), which was obviously lower than the Chinese cultivar (Nannong 88–31) used in this study. The similar result was also found in one research that total tocopherol of extracted OBs obtained from another Chinese cultivar (Beixiang) was determined as about 73 mg/100 g OBs (Wu and others ).…”

“…Unfortunately, no researches have ever systematically examined the components of soybean OBs, which will limit the production and utilization of soybean OBs. It was reported that soybean OBs (dry basis) contained 75.2% to 89.6% lipid, 6.4% to 16.5% protein, and 0.6% to 4.0% ash (Iwanaga and others ; Chen and others ; Wu and others ), and the total tocopherol was determined as around 300 mg/kg soybean OBs (dry basis; Fisk and Gray ). However, no researches have ever examined the amounts of phospholipid, phytosterol, and carbohydrate in soybean OBs.…”

Barriers to the release of flaxseed oil bodies and ways of overcoming them

“…Similarly, the oil contained tocopherols, at a concentration of 36.29 mg/100 g of oil, almost all in the gamma form (97.75%), as it has ever been observed for other flaxseed varieties (Oomah et al, 1997;Schwartz et al, 2008). This content of gamma tocopherol is in the high range of those observed for other species (soybean oil: 27 mg/100 g (Grilo et al, 2014), soybean oil bodies: 12-23 mg/100 g (Fisk and Gray, 2011), rapeseed oil: 9 mg/100 g (Şeker et al, 2008) 39 mg/100 g (Schwartz et al, 2008), sunflower oil: 1.4 mg/100 g (Schwartz et al, 2008), 9 mg/100 mg (Grilo et al, 2014)). The presence of tocopherols, which work together with phospholipids which, as the neutral lipids, are mainly unsaturated (Herchi et al, 2012;Wanasundara et al, 1999), may improve the storage properties of freeze-dried oleosomes (Kamal-Eldin and Appelqvist, 1996;Doert et al, 2012).…”

Impact of protein, lipid and carbohydrate on the headspace delivery of volatile compounds from hydrating powders

“…Lipid will change the polarity of the product and act as a sink for hydrophobic volatile compounds [13,14], and additionally, lipid may be present as natural emulsions [15][16][17][18] or form emulsion droplets [19][20][21], oil layers or micelles [22,23] within the product during dispersion, which will impact the spatial distribution of lipophilic compounds and modify mixing behaviour [24,25]. Simple carbohydrates drive the partitioning of volatile compounds through salting-in and salting-out phenomena [26][27][28]; in an aqueous system, this is associated with the relative availability of water molecules in the continuous phase [22].…”