Soybean Processing Wastes: Novel Insights on Their Production, Extraction of Isoflavones, and Their Therapeutic Properties

Abstract

Soybean processing waste (SPW) has potential as a sustainable source of phytochemicals and functional foods. A variety of phytochemicals, nutrients, and minerals have been characterized from SPW using various analytical methods. SPW utilization strategies may provide a new way to increase production of bioactive compounds, nutritional supplements, and cosmetic ingredients. SPW has the potential for value-added processing, to improve commercial use, and to lower environmental pollution through proper use. Okara, a byproduct generated during soybean processing of tofu and soy milk, is rich in dietary fiber, isoflavones, and saponins. Isoflavones, an important class of biologically active compounds owing to their multifunctional and therapeutic effects, are extracted from SPW. Further, studies have shown that okara has potential prebiotic and therapeutic value in lowering the risk of noncommunicable diseases. Therefore, in this review, we focus on several extraction methods and pharmacotherapeutic effects of different SPWs. Their effective uses in functional foods, nutraceuticals, and health applications, as biocatalysts, and as value-added resources have been discussed.

Leonotis nepetifolia Transformed Root Extract Reduces Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Promotes Tissue Repair In Vitro

“…The structure of flavonoids plays an important role in anti-inflammatory activity. For example Betulaceae , Fabaceae , Asteraceae and Apiaceae families are rich in quercetin, which extincts free radicals formed during cellular metabolism [ 36 ]; Asphodelaceae and Scrophulariaceae families contain luteolin, which presents anticancer properties and is associated with the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis [ 37 ], while the Fabaceae family is abundant in kaempferol, isoflavones and flavanols, which are known to act as antioxidants and anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents in various contexts [ 38 , 39 ].…”

Analysis of phytoestrogens from eleven soybean cultivars using LC-MS approach

“…Compare other methods of extracting soy isoflavones from soybeans, the direct solvent extraction for isoflavnoe in soybean has became more than 65% of conventional methods (Toro-Funes et al, 2012). In previously studies reported several extraction solvents for various isoflavone, that were known as acetonitrile, acetone, ethanol, methanol, with added acid and without (Nile et al, 2021). Compared with acetonitrile, the main advantage of ethanol has low cost and less toxin for enviromment, and one significant disadvanatage is low extraction efficiency for isoflanoves.…”

Constructing Protein-Scaffolded Multienzyme Assembly Enhances the Coupling Efficiency of the P450 System for Efficient Daidzein Biosynthesis from (2S)-Naringenin

“…Daidzein is one of the major isoflavone compounds found primarily in leguminous plants. , Its healthcare benefits and potential therapeutic applications have sparked clinical interest due to its ability to alleviate oxidative stress, menopausal syndrome, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and some cancers. , Traditionally, daidzein has been sourced from plant materials, which presents several limitations, including long culture periods, specific cultivation requirements, and low abundance. , In contrast, microbial biosynthesis offers an attractive alternative for isoflavone production, characterized by high yield, shorter production cycles, and fewer environmental constraints. ,, …”