Soybean Production under Continuous Potassium Fertilization in a Long‐Term No‐Till Oxisol

Abstract

Potassium (K) is essential for soybean production but over use of K fertilizer negatively impact the environment and farming profit. Therefore, the optimum K recommendation needs to be verified, especially in pedo‐environmental contrasting regions and long‐term cultivated areas. We evaluated the effects of continuous annual K fertilization on plant‐available K by Mehlich‐1 (KM‐1) and ion exchange resin (Kresin), plant uptake (Ktissue) and the yields of two soybean cultivars (Glycine max L.) grown in an Oxisol under long‐term no‐till (NT). The treatments included four K rates (0, 40, 75, and 110 kg ha–1) with four replications. Kresin was highly correlated with KM‐1 (R2 = 0.94, p < 0.0001). Plant‐available K was linearly correlated with Ktissue (trifoliate leaflets) with r of 0.76 and 0.82 (p < 0.0001) for KM‐1 and Kresin, respectively. Maximum KM‐1 and Kresin that expressed the highest KTissue concentrations were in the ranges of 1.72 ± 0.26 to 2.36 ± 0.35 and 2.58 ± 0.22 to 3.11 ± 0.33 mmolc K dm–3, respectively. The Ca+Mg/K ratios in tissues decreased by increasing K application. Soybean yields increased from 1823 to 2611 kg ha–1 as the rates of annual‐K application increased from 0 to 40 kg ha–1. Additional K application did not further improve yields. For yields, the maximum responsive soil test K was 2.16 ± 0.58 mmolc K dm–3 for KM‐1 and 3.42 ± 0.91 mmolc K dm–3 for Kresin; while the maximum responsive Ktissue at R2 stage was 14.5 ± 0.98 to 18.1 ± 2.2 g K kg–1. Our results confirm that soil test for plant‐available K and plant tissue test are important to guide K fertilizer recommendations. Core Ideas Plant available K extraction methods are compared. Soil test K is an important tool to guide annual fertilization for optimum soybean yield. K content in soybean trifoliate leaflets at R2 stage can serve as an indicator of K sufficiency levels.

Características morfológicas e produtivas da soja influenciadas por doses de cloreto de potássio na linha de semeadura

“…A redução de resposta ao aumento das doses de K 2 O também foi observada em experimentos de longa duração (ANTONANGELO et al, 2019;FIRMANO et al, 2019), cujas aplicações periódicas do nutriente não se refletiram em incrementos significativos de rendimento. Isso ocorre, em grande parte, pelas alterações nas frações de K trocável e não trocável e pela alta capacidade da cultura da soja em absorver parte dessas frações menos acessíveis (FARMAHA et al, 2012).…”

Investigation of the pin-roller metering device and tube effect for wheat seeds and granular fertilizers based on DEM

“…However, the wheat seeds are distributed unevenly at low rotational speeds of the metering device [12][13][14][15] . The uneven distribution of fertilizers and wheat seeds causes competition between plants and yield loss [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] . Even distribution is achieved by decreasing the working length and increasing the rotation speed of the parallel grooved metering device for wheat seeds.…”

Agronomic efficiency of fertilizers with aggregate technology in the Brazilian Eastern Amazon

“…Soybean (37.2 million ha), coffee (1.91 million ha), and eucalyptus (7.43 million ha) (IBGE, 2020b) are the most representative in each group. The expansion in the planted area and high productivities achieved in Brazil are associated with the adoption of improved cultivars (Moreira et al, 2017), modern crop practices (Moreira et al, 2020) and plant disease management, as well as the use of fertilizers (Antonangelo et al, 2019) to correct the low natural fertility of heavily weathered Latossolo (Oxisol) and Argissolo (Argisol), the most representatives soil types in Brazil.…”

“…Practices such as splitting of the fertilizer application (Aquino et al, 2021), intercropping (Tang et al, 2021), crop-forest integration, crop rotation (Moreira et al, 2020), no-till (Antonangelo et al, 2019;Moreira et al, 2020), and different crop successions (Moreira et al, 2020) have been adopted to improve soil volume exploitation by the roots, increase soil organic matter, increase the nutrient content in soil organic matter, at the same time, increase the residual effect of fertilizers in successive crops, reducing losses associated with adsorption and leaching. The selection of highly productive cultivars with high nutrient use efficiency (Moreira et al, 2017), use of the alternative raw material to produce fertilizer, and fertilizer delivery systems to improve fertilizer use efficiency and reduce environmental impacts are promising alternatives (Mani & Mondal, 2016;Antonangelo et al, 2019).…”