Soybean protein concentrate as a fishmeal replacer in weaning diets for common sole (Solea solea) post-larvae: Effects on the growth, biochemical and oxidative stress biomarkers, and histopathological investigations

A Novel Protein Sourced from Chinese Medicine Residue for Golden Pompano Feed: Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli Residue (ECGGR)

“…Consistent with the above results of intestinal immune and inflammatory responses, the current result of intestinal morphology indicated an appropriate replacement level (less than 25%) of fishmeal with ECGGR did not impair the digestion and absorption capacity or lead to enteritis, but an excessive replacement level did. In line with our results, intestinal injuries caused by excessive replacement of fishmeal were found in largemouth bass [50], turbot [61], pearl gentian grouper [57], and common sole [54]. Therefore, it is crucial to regulate substitutive levels within appropriate limits to prevent any detrimental effects on the structure and function of the intestines.…”

“…Zhang et al [49] demonstrated that replacing fishmeal with yellow mealworm did not affect the antioxidative response of large yellow croakers. However, antioxidant status and antioxidant-related gene expression levels were altered in many other studies [22,[50][51][52][53][54][55]). In this study, the results indicated that substituting ECGGR for fishmeal did not cause oxidative stress in the livers of juvenile T. ovatus.…”

The Recovery Time between Early Mild Stress and Final Acute Stress Affects Survival Rate, Immunity, Health, and Physiology of Oscar (Astronotus ocellatus)

“…Results from our research also showed more elevated LDL levels in stressed fish [13,14]. Feeding high levels of soybean protein concentrate [41] and infected fish with A. hydrophila [42] showed the same results. Stress causes the body to produce more energy in the form of metabolic fuels, causing the liver to produce and secrete more LDL, the bad cholesterol.…”

Supplementation of Selenium-Yeast Enhances Fishmeal Replacement by Soy Protein Concentrate in Diets for Golden Pompano (Trachinotus ovatus)

“…Besides, based on the results of hierarchical cluster analysis in our study, golden pompano fed diet R40 + Se showed the closest production performance to fsh-fed diet C; in other words, the addition of Se-yeast could enhance fshmeal replacement potential by SPC in the golden pompano diet. In comparison, with SPC served as a fshmeal substitute, the fshmeal content (240 g•kg −1 ) maintained in the diet for golden pompano was much lower than that in the diets for common sole (Solea solea) (325 g•kg −1 ) [15]; starry founder (Platichthys stellatus) (408 g•kg −1 ) [39]; totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi) (430 g•kg −1 ) [40]; and pearl gentian grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus_ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus\) (455 g•kg −1 ) [41].…”

“…However, the inclusion of antinutritional factors, a defciency in indispensable amino acids, and the inferiority of protein digestibility limit the utilization potential of soybean meal by carnivorous fsh [10,11]. Diferent from soybean meal, soy protein concentrate (SPC) is one soy protein product that removes oil and some soluble nonprotein components, is characterized by highly digestible protein and low antinutritional factors [12], and has been utilized as a fshmeal alternative in numerous carnivorous fsh species such as red sea bream (Pagrus major) [13], hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus) [14], common sole (Solea solea) [15], and Japanese founder (Paralichthys olivaceus) [16]. Nevertheless, some studies have shown that feeding diets high in SPC lead to reduced intake, growth rate, and feed utilization in carnivorous fsh [17][18][19], with some speculating that SPC lacks certain micronutrients present in fshmeal [20].…”