Soybean Urease: Over a Hundred Years of Knowledge

Real‐Guerra, Rafael; Stanisçuaski, Fernanda; Carlini, Celia Regina Ribeiro da Silva

doi:10.5772/52106

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 122 publications

(159 reference statements)

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“…Ureases (urea amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.5) are ubiquitous metalloenzymes, produced by plants, fungi and bacteria, but not by animals. The most proficient enzymes known to date, ureases catalyze the hydrolysis of urea into ammonia and carbamate (which then decomposes into another ammonia molecule and carbon dioxide), accelerating the rate of this reaction by a factor of at least 10 14 when compared to the urea decomposition by elimination reaction [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] .…”

Section: History and Molecular Features Of Ureasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ureases: Historical aspects, catalytic, and non-catalytic properties – A review

Kappaun

Piovesan

Carlini

et al. 2018

Journal of Advanced Research

175

145

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Section: History and Molecular Features Of Ureasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ureases: Historical aspects, catalytic, and non-catalytic properties – A review

Kappaun

Piovesan

Carlini

et al. 2018

Journal of Advanced Research

175

145

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These results indicate that the range of urea concentration in the solution tolerated by plants is narrower than that of nitrate, which varies from 14 to 18 mM depending on the species ( Savvas et al, 2013 ). Consequently, urea can result in toxicity symptoms per se when provided as the exclusive N source even at relatively low level, even though plant sensitivity changes among species, depending on the rate of urease activity (particularly in roots; Luo et al, 1993 ; Real-Guerra et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of bacterial root symbiosis and urea as source of nitrogen on performance of soybean plants grown hydroponically for Bioregenerative Life Support Systems (BLSSs)

et al. 2015

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Soybean is traditionally grown in soil, where root symbiosis with Bradyrhizobium japonicum can supply nitrogen (N), by means of bacterial fixation of atmospheric N2. Nitrogen fertilizers inhibit N-fixing bacteria. However, urea is profitably used in soybean cultivation in soil, where urease enzymes of telluric microbes catalyze the hydrolysis to ammonium, which has a lighter inhibitory effect compared to nitrate. Previous researches demonstrated that soybean can be grown hydroponically with recirculating complete nitrate-based nutrient solutions. In Space, urea derived from crew urine could be used as N source, with positive effects in resource procurement and waste recycling. However, whether the plants are able to use urea as the sole source of N and its effect on root symbiosis with B. japonicum is still unclear in hydroponics. We compared the effect of two N sources, nitrate and urea, on plant growth and physiology, and seed yield and quality of soybean grown in closed-loop Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) in growth chamber, with or without inoculation with B. japonicum. Urea limited plant growth and seed yield compared to nitrate by determining nutrient deficiency, due to its low utilization efficiency in the early developmental stages, and reduced nutrients uptake (K, Ca, and Mg) throughout the whole growing cycle. Root inoculation with B. japonicum did not improve plant performance, regardless of the N source. Specifically, nodulation increased under fertigation with urea compared to nitrate, but this effect did not result in higher leaf N content and better biomass and seed production. Urea was not suitable as sole N source for soybean in closed-loop NFT. However, the ability to use urea increased from young to adult plants, suggesting the possibility to apply it during reproductive phase or in combination with nitrate in earlier developmental stages. Root symbiosis did not contribute significantly to N nutrition and did not enhance the plant ability to use urea, possibly because of ineffective infection process and nodule functioning in hydroponics.

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“…Ureases are metalloenzymes present in virtually all plant species and ubiquitously distributed in plant tissues [ 34 ]. An embryo-specific soybean urease has been shown to impair growth of selected phytopathogenic fungi at sub-micromolar concentrations [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Levels of Antinutritional and/or Defense Proteins Reduced the Protein Quality of a Disease-Resistant Soybean Cultivar

et al. 2015

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The biochemical and nutritional attributes of two soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars, one susceptible (Seridó) and the other resistant (Seridó-RCH) to stem canker, were examined to assess whether the resistance to pathogens was related to levels of antinutritional and/or defense proteins in the plant and subsequently affected the nutritional quality. Lectin, urease, trypsin inhibitor, peroxidase and chitinase activities were higher in the resistant cultivar. Growing rats were fed with isocaloric and isoproteic diets prepared with defatted raw soybean meals. Those on the Seridó-RCH diet showed the worst performance in terms of protein quality indicators. Based on regression analysis, lectin, trypsin inhibitor, peroxidase and chitinase appear to be involved in the resistance trait but also in the poorer nutritional quality of Seridó-RCH. Thus, the development of cultivars for disease resistance may lead to higher concentrations of antinutritional compounds, affecting the quality of soybean seeds. Further research that includes the assessment of more cultivars/genotypes is needed.

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Soybean Urease: Over a Hundred Years of Knowledge

Cited by 14 publications

References 122 publications

Ureases: Historical aspects, catalytic, and non-catalytic properties – A review

Ureases: Historical aspects, catalytic, and non-catalytic properties – A review

Effect of bacterial root symbiosis and urea as source of nitrogen on performance of soybean plants grown hydroponically for Bioregenerative Life Support Systems (BLSSs)

Increased Levels of Antinutritional and/or Defense Proteins Reduced the Protein Quality of a Disease-Resistant Soybean Cultivar

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