“…While today many institutions worldwide conduct research on HEV, at the beginning six main research groups have been extremely active in the development of energy strategies for HEV. The most significant contributions in this area are from researchers at: OSU-CAR (this paper deals with 15 years worth of research results produced by researchers at this institution); ETH Zurich (Sciarretta et al, 2003(Sciarretta et al, , 2004Rodatz et al, 2005;Sundstro¨m et al, 2008Sundstro¨m et al, , 2010Sundstro¨m and Guzzella, 2009;Ambuhl and Guzzella, 2009), University of l'Aquila, (Anatone et al, 2005;Cipollone and Sciarretta, 2006); IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN) in France (Chasse et al, 2009); IFPEN and ETH ; University of Michigan Ann Arbor (Lin et al, 2001(Lin et al, , 2003(Lin et al, , 2006Wu et al, 2004;Tate et al, 2007;Liu and Peng, 2008); Eindhoven University of Technology (Kessels et al, 2006(Kessels et al, , 2008Kessels, 2007). This paper is not intended to be a comprehensive review of all of the developments in this field.…”