Space and time: The two dimensions of Artiodactyla body mass evolution

Carotenuto, Francesco; Diniz‐Filho, José Alexandre Felizola; Raia, Pasquale

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.07.013

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…We collected information about fossil localities and their faunal lists from the following databases: http://www.paleodb.org, NOW database (http://www.helsinki.fi/science/now/, mainly for Eurasian and African localities) Jousse and Escarguel () for Holocene African localities and the former versions of the database provided in Raia et al. () and Carotenuto, Barbera and Raia (), Carotenuto, Diniz‐Filho and Raia (), mainly for Eurasian localities. When compiling the database we only considered taxa identified at the species level, following the taxonomy provided in Raia et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the jack of all trades fare best? Survival and niche width in Late Pleistocene megafauna

Febbraro

Carotenuto

Castiglione

et al. 2017

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim: We sought to assess different megafaunal species responses to the intense climatic changes that characterized the end of the Quaternary. Location: Eurasia. Methods: We used species distribution modelling, niche overlap tests and co-occurrence analysis to model climatic niche evolution and change in six different megafauna species, including three extinct (woolly mammoth, woolly rhino and steppe bison) and three extant (red deer, wolf and reindeer) species. Results: Co-occurrence analysis indicates mammoth, rhino, reindeer and steppe bison to be significantly associated to each other in the fossil record in cold, arid environments. In contrast, red deer and wolf show no evidence for strong habitat requirements, although they both tended to be associated with more humid conditions than the other megafauna. Woolly mammoth and the woolly rhino were the best adapted to the cold, arid conditions dominating the Eurasian landscapes during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Extant species did not exhibit larger climatic niches than extinct species, but changed more from one period to the next than those of extinct species. Main conclusions: Although they did not have wider climatic niches, and were the least adapted to cold climates, red deer and the wolf were able to withstand the harsh climatic conditions of the LGM. Conversely, the now extinct mammoth and woolly rhino did not survive the demise of the LGM environment. Although "cold-adapted", reindeer survived the LGM by occupying a northerly distribution similar to today. Independent evidence indicates the steppe bison lineage might have survived in North America. Our data are consistent with a strong climatic control on the fate of late Quaternary megafauna species in Eurasia. We were unable to exclude a sizeable effect of human intervention by overhunting

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the jack of all trades fare best? Survival and niche width in Late Pleistocene megafauna

Febbraro

Carotenuto

Castiglione

et al. 2017

Journal of Biogeography

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“…The analysis of the spatial dimension in palaeontological studies is considered as the 'final frontier' [12,13], given that most of these studies involve local communities or global compendia of fossil data, without focusing on intermediate scales and often ignoring space altogether. Spatially explicit analyses of biodiversity patterns are one of the main focuses of macroecology, which is increasingly including species' evolutionary dynamics, either in the form of phylogenies ('phylogenetic macroecology') or fossil data ('palaeomacroecology'; sensu [7]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic fields through time: temporal dynamics of geographical co-occurrence and phylogenetic structure within species ranges

Villalobos

Carotenuto

Raia

et al. 2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Species co-occur with different sets of other species across their geographical distribution, which can be either closely or distantly related. Such co-occurrence patterns and their phylogenetic structure within individual species ranges represent what we call the species phylogenetic fields (PFs). These PFs allow investigation of the role of historical processes—speciation, extinction and dispersal—in shaping species co-occurrence patterns, in both extinct and extant species. Here, we investigate PFs of large mammalian species during the last 3 Myr, and how these correlate with trends in diversification rates. Using the fossil record, we evaluate species' distributional and co-occurrence patterns along with their phylogenetic structure. We apply a novel Bayesian framework on fossil occurrences to estimate diversification rates through time. Our findings highlight the effect of evolutionary processes and past climatic changes on species' distributions and co-occurrences. From the Late Pliocene to the Recent, mammal species seem to have responded in an individualistic manner to climate changes and diversification dynamics, co-occurring with different sets of species from different lineages across their geographical ranges. These findings stress the difficulty of forecasting potential effects of future climate changes on biodiversity.

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“…It may be argued, that our results are biased towards a lack of character displacement because we use extant species data [32,33] thus, the effects of extinction are muted [12]. We argue that by using a phylogeny of related species our analysis captures historical changes in characters over time so long as these historical interactions have resulted in changes in present-day character evolution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We argue that by using a phylogeny of related species our analysis captures historical changes in characters over time so long as these historical interactions have resulted in changes in present-day character evolution. That being said, the analyses presented here, have limited power to detect signs of historical processes such as competition involving species that are now extinct [32,33] and therefore have been pruned from the phylogeny. This is a limitation of the data, not of the method we propose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does density-dependent diversification mirror ecological competitive exclusion?

Monroe

Bokma

2017

PLoS ONE

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Density-dependence is a term used in ecology to describe processes such as birth and death rates that are regulated by the number of individuals in a population. Evolutionary biologists have borrowed the term to describe decreasing rates of species accumulation, suggesting that speciation and extinction rates depend on the total number of species in a clade. If this analogy with ecological density-dependence holds, diversification of clades is restricted because species compete for limited resources. We hypothesize that such competition should not only affect numbers of species, but also prevent species from being phenotypically similar. Here, we present a method to detect whether competitive interactions between species have ordered phenotypic traits on a phylogeny, assuming that competition prevents related species from having identical trait values. We use the method to analyze clades of birds and mammals, with body size as the phenotypic trait. We find no sign that competition has prevented species from having the same body size. Thus, since body size is a key ecological trait and competition does not seem to be responsible for differences in body size between species, we conclude that the diversification slowdown that is prevalent in these clades is unlikely due to the ecological interference implied by the term density dependence.

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Space and time: The two dimensions of Artiodactyla body mass evolution

Cited by 22 publications

References 71 publications

Does the jack of all trades fare best? Survival and niche width in Late Pleistocene megafauna

Does the jack of all trades fare best? Survival and niche width in Late Pleistocene megafauna

Phylogenetic fields through time: temporal dynamics of geographical co-occurrence and phylogenetic structure within species ranges

Does density-dependent diversification mirror ecological competitive exclusion?

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