Space environmental effects testing in support of the International Space Station

Finckenor, Miria M.; Kamenetzky, Rachel R.; Vaughn, Jason A.; Edwards, David L.; Nolen, Angie; Burns, Howard

doi:10.2514/6.2000-242

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Note: Moon, 4,8,9 LEO, [10][11][12] Mars. 13,14 a Regions with little to no direct solar illumination experience significantly lower temperatures and solar radiation than similar regions exposed to solar illumination.…”

Section: Static Charging Martian Dustmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ionizing radiation is highly penetrative and is a direct risk to spacecraft materials, cargo, 23 electronics, 12 and astronaut health due to molecular fragmentation, generation of secondary radiations, and creation of reactive radical species. 15 The source, type, and typical energies of many ionizing radiation sources are described in Table 2.…”

Section: Ionizing Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrically conducting polymers and composites for applications in space exploration

Ryan,

Seibers,

Reynolds

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Pushing the boundaries of space exploration and settlement requires innovative materials that are multi‐functional, reusable, and tolerant of the extreme hazards in space environments. Polymers represent an interesting class of materials for these applications due to their range of properties, low density, and ease of manufacturing. Electrically conductive materials based on polymers and other organic materials can be beneficial for safety purposes or for integrating advanced functions, such as dust mitigation and non‐destructive evaluation. Given the unique demands of the space industry, emerging materials developed for space may not appear in conventional forums. Conversely, many investigators focus on polymers and composites for other applications and may not realize the suitability of their material for space. This review provides an informational bridge between experts from conventional polymer fields and more space‐focused research groups. First, a brief history of polymer material integration from Apollo to Artemis is used as a context for their increasing importance to space exploration. Next, a polymer and composite materials‐focused summary of space hazards is discussed for different space environments. Finally, different space applications suitable for electrically conductive polymers and composites are discussed in the context of enabling space exploration and developing new terrestrial technology.

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Section: Static Charging Martian Dustmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ionizing Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrically conducting polymers and composites for applications in space exploration

Ryan,

Seibers,

Reynolds

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Ultrasonic additive manufacturing, a comparatively new technique, has been developed. [53][54][55][56][57][58] In the consumer goods sector, 4D printing has the potential to make a substantial difference in people's daily lives. Such printed active items will respond to customer requests as well as environmental changes such as temperatures, stresses, humidity, or sound.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart materials for four-dimensional printing: An overview

Wazeer

Das

Sinha

2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E:

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Recent breakthroughs in additive manufacturing (also known as three-dimensional printing) have enabled researchers to build intricate designs that were previously difficult to fabricate using traditional methods. Four-dimensional printing is a research field that arose from three-dimensional printing and involves printing using smart materials that can respond to external stimuli. By incorporating the dimension of time, four-dimensional printing enables the fabrication of on-demand dynamically adjustable shapes. Recent advances in synthetic smart materials, innovative printers, deformation mechanisms, and mathematical modeling have significantly increased the practicality of four-dimensional printing. Progress in the field of four-dimensional printing focusing on the application of smart materials and their types is overviewed in this paper with an emphasis on practical applications.

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“…According to the statistics of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, discharging may happen when the surface charging is not very serious [21]. The complicated space electromagnetic radiation may be the potential causes [22,23]. Rowe [24],…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface electrostatic discharge of charged typical space materials induced by strong electromagnetic interference

Song¹,

Zhou²,

Yang³

et al. 2021

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Surface charging of typical space materials such as polyimide and high density polyethylene may sometimes cause electrostatic discharge (ESD) under natural conditions. That is because polymer materials usually present lower surface discharge strength compared with their bulk breakdown strength, especially in vacuum. However, the space environment is very complicated, extremely hostile environments such as solar storms and magnetospheric substorms may happen and bring strong electromagnetic interference (EMI), which may induce ESD in spacecraft more easily and cause great damage to those spacecraft. In this paper, an innovative platform which can simulate the ESD of materials induced by strong EMI of microwave sources is set up. The influence of different factors such as power density, repetition frequency of microwave source, electromagnetic wave angle and distance between high voltage and ground electrode are researched. In addition, we perform particle-in-cell simulations to illustrate multipactor dynamics under the influence of strong electromagnetic waves. The induced discharging can be attributed to the electric field component of strong electromagnetic waves.

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Space environmental effects testing in support of the International Space Station

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Electrically conducting polymers and composites for applications in space exploration

Electrically conducting polymers and composites for applications in space exploration

Smart materials for four-dimensional printing: An overview

Surface electrostatic discharge of charged typical space materials induced by strong electromagnetic interference

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