Space Maintainers Used in Pediatric Dentistry: An Insight of Their Biosecurity Profile by Applying In Vitro Methods

Abstract

Space maintainers have presented an increased interest due to their chemical composition which influences the electrochemical and electrolytic processes of the oral cavity, leading to important biological activity. The present study was purported to evaluate the biological in vitro activity of three types of space maintainers (S1, S2, and S3, differing from each other in terms of metal composition) used in pediatric dentistry, in terms of their antimicrobial effect and biosecurity profile using two types of keratinocytes (PGK: primary gingival keratinocytes, and HaCaT: human immortalized keratinocytes) by assessing the morphology, viability, cytotoxicity, and gene expression of the cells. Statistical differences were calculated by the one-way ANOVA test, followed by Tukey’s post-test. Antimicrobial screening highlighted a dilution-dependent influence that, in the case of all strains tested, did not show inhibition or stimulation of bacterial growth. The in vitro evaluations revealed that the test samples did not induce important cytotoxic potential on both keratinocyte cell lines (HaCaT and PGK), with the cells manifesting no morphological alteration, a good viability rate (above 90%: PGK–S1, * p < 0.05), and a low cytotoxic activity (less than 11%: PGK, S1 *** p < 0.001 and S3 * p < 0.05; HaCaT, S1 ** p < 0.01). The data obtained in this study highlight the fact that the samples analyzed are biocompatible and do not develop the growth of the studied bacteria or encode the gene expression of primary and immortalized keratinocytes.

La Bioseguridad en los Servicios de Estomatología. Una Revisión Sistemática

“…España concuerda con que la atención odontológica se ha tenido que adaptar a esta nueva realidad frente a la pandemia recomendando la importancia de trabajar a cuatro manos con disponibilidad de infraestructura adecuada y la responsabilidad del odontólogo a estar constantemente actualizándose en el manejo de los protocolos de bioseguridad entre ellos el manejo de los aerosoles con énfasis a la ventilación de los ambientes como el manejo de la buena calidad de aire en los ambientes (Luca et al, 2021).…”

Recent progress in the synthesis of transition metal nitride catalysts and their applications in electrocatalysis

“…Based on chemical reactions or plasma-promoted chemical reactions, it has been widely used in the manufacturing methods of microelectronics and protective coatings of cermets. 29 Fix et al reported that crystalline TiN and Zr 3 N 4 films were prepared by CVD technology with metal and diethylamino complexes under atmospheric pressure. 30 Wang et al used WO 3 and NaCl mixed powders as precursors and reacted with ammonia at a certain temperature to obtain WN crystals deposited on the substrate (Fig.…”

A Preliminary Report Regarding the Morphological Changes of Nano-Enabled Pharmaceutical Formulation on Human Lung Carcinoma Monolayer and 3D Bronchial Microtissue

“…Afterward, the cells were exposed to SLN samples; also, control cells were included, which were treated only with a culture medium. Quantification of the cell viability rate was determined by reading the absorbance at two different wavelengths (570 nm and 600 nm) using the xMark TM microplate reader (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA) and applying a previously published formula [57].…”