“…The space mapping approach first came up in the engineering community [5] as a tool to solve large scale optimization problems with the help of an easier surrogate model. Through the years the technique became well-established in engineering and has been also recognized by the mathematics community for various applications like radiative heat transfer, control the dispersion of particles in a fluid, dynamic compressor optimization of gas networks and optimal inflow control of transmission lines, see, e.g., [19,23,25,26,29,31,35].…”