Space Perception of Strabismic Observers in the Real World Environment

Ooi, Teng Leng; He, Zijiang J.

doi:10.1167/iovs.14-15741

Cited by 21 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In our display, the horizontal ground plane would be occluded up to a distance of 15 m. This is perhaps the most likely explanation. J. J. Gibson ( 1950 ), and others (Gillam, 1995 ; Meng & Sedgwick, 2001 ; Ooi et al, 2015 ; Wu, Zhou, Shi, He, & Ooi, 2015 ), have suggested (or shown) that the ground plane and surface contact relations are important for judging absolute distance and relative distance intervals. This may well underlie the elevation of monocular thresholds at near distances, although it is still uncertain how findings about absolute distance translate to distance discrimination thresholds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of monocular and binocular cues to distance discrimination in natural scenes

McCann¹,

Hayhoe

Geisler

2018

Journal of Vision

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Little is known about distance discrimination in real scenes, especially at long distances. This is not surprising given the logistical difficulties of making such measurements. To circumvent these difficulties, we collected 81 stereo images of outdoor scenes, together with precisely registered range images that provided the ground-truth distance at each pixel location. We then presented the stereo images in the correct viewing geometry and measured the ability of human subjects to discriminate the distance between locations in the scene, as a function of absolute distance (3 m to 30 m) and the angular spacing between the locations being compared (2°, 5°, and 10°). Measurements were made for binocular and monocular viewing. Thresholds for binocular viewing were quite small at all distances (Weber fractions less than 1% at 2° spacing and less than 4% at 10° spacing). Thresholds for monocular viewing were higher than those for binocular viewing out to distances of 15–20 m, beyond which they were the same. Using standard cue-combination analysis, we also estimated what the thresholds would be based on binocular-stereo cues alone. With two exceptions, we show that the entire pattern of results is consistent with what one would expect from classical studies of binocular disparity thresholds and separation/size discrimination thresholds measured with simple laboratory stimuli. The first exception is some deviation from the expected pattern at close distances (especially for monocular viewing). The second exception is that thresholds in natural scenes are lower, presumably because of the rich figural cues contained in natural images.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of monocular and binocular cues to distance discrimination in natural scenes

McCann¹,

Hayhoe

Geisler

2018

Journal of Vision

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“…Several previous psychophysical studies have shown that perceived binocular depth can be affected by a common surface (McKee, 1983; Glennerster and McKee, 1999; He and Ooi, 2000). Importantly, a recent result shows that perceived absolute distance to objects on the ground surface is not different between monocular and binocular viewing conditions (Ooi and He, 2015). Binocular disparity may only play a critical role in perceiving absolute distance of a target in midair.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A proto-object based saliency model in three-dimensional space

Kane-Jackson

Niebur

2016

Vision Research

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Most models of visual saliency operate on two-dimensional images, using elementary image features such as intensity, color, or orientation. The human visual system, however, needs to function in complex three-dimensional environments, where depth information is often available and may be used to guide the bottom-up attentional selection process. In this report we extend a model of proto-object based saliency to include depth information and evaluate its performance on three separate three-dimensional eye tracking datasets. Our results show that the additional depth information provides a small, but statistically significant, improvement in the model’s ability to predict perceptual saliency (eye fixations) in natural scenes. The computational mechanisms of our model have direct neural correlates, and our results provide further evidence that proto-objects help to establish perceptual organization of the scene.

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“…More specifically, the shape of the hand is wider and less accurate when reaching and grasping, and the time taken for the reach is much slower in individuals where stereopsis is reduced or absent in adults [ 11 – 14 ], with even larger errors in these tasks for children with reduced stereoacuity [ 15 – 17 ]. Poor depth perception can also impact upon gross motor skills such as walking; adults with reduced stereoacuity also demonstrate differences in gait with a more cautious approach, higher toe clearance, and increased hesitation [ 18 , 19 ]. All of these skills may have implications for the likelihood of taking part in team, motor, and social activities; however, this relationship has rarely been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does stereopsis account for the link between motor and social skills in adults?

Smith¹,

Ropar

Allen

2018

Molecular Autism

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BackgroundExperimental and longitudinal evidence suggests that motor proficiency plays an important role in the development of social skills. However, stereopsis, or depth perception, may also play a fundamental role in social skill development either indirectly through its impact on motor skills or through a more direct route. To date, no systematic study has investigated the relationship between social skills and motor ability in the general adult population, and whether poor stereopsis may contribute to this association. This has implications for clinical populations since research has shown associations between motor abnormalities and social skills, as well as reduced depth perception in autism spectrum disorder and developmental coordination disorder.MethodsSix hundred fifty adults completed three validated questionnaires, the stereopsis screening inventory, the Adult Developmental Coordination Disorder Checklist, and the Autism Spectrum Quotient.ResultsAn exploratory factor analysis on pooled items across all measures revealed 10 factors that were largely composed of items from a single scale, indicating that any co-occurrence of poor stereopsis, reduced motor proficiency, and difficulties with social interaction cannot be attributed to a single underlying mechanism. Correlations between extracted factor scores found associations between motor skill and social skill.ConclusionsMediation analyses suggested that whilst fine motor skill and coordination explained the relationship between stereopsis and social skill to some extent, stereopsis nonetheless exerted a substantial direct effect upon social skill. This is the first study to demonstrate that the functional significance of stereopsis is not limited to motor ability and may directly impact upon social functioning.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13229-018-0234-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Space Perception of Strabismic Observers in the Real World Environment

Cited by 21 publications

References 54 publications

Contributions of monocular and binocular cues to distance discrimination in natural scenes

Contributions of monocular and binocular cues to distance discrimination in natural scenes

A proto-object based saliency model in three-dimensional space

Does stereopsis account for the link between motor and social skills in adults?

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