Space radiobiology program in Russia

Антипов, В. В.; Petrov, V. M.; Shafirkin, A.V.; Gorlov, V.V.; Fedorenko, B.S.; Chertkov, K. S.

doi:10.1016/0273-1177(94)90463-4

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…To summarize, while some of the models described above might come close to describing the solar FIP effect, they do so for rather contrived magnetic field geometries or for various other extreme assumptions. In all cases except those of Antiochos (1994) and Schwadron et al (1999), whose mechanisms both derive from the coronal response to energy deposition, no natural account of the difference between closed and open field is given. Further, none of the models appear capable of explaining the Inverse FIP Effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The FIP and Inverse FIP Effects in Solar and Stellar Coronae

Laming

2015

Living Rev. Sol. Phys.

287

304

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We review our state of knowledge of coronal element abundance anomalies in the Sun and stars. We concentrate on the first ionization potential (FIP) effect observed in the solar corona and slow-speed wind, and in the coronae of solar-like dwarf stars, and the "inverse FIP" effect seen in the corona of stars of later spectral type; specifically M dwarfs. These effects relate to the enhancement or depletion, respectively, in coronal abundance with respect to photospheric values of elements with FIP below about 10~eV. They are interpreted in terms of the ponderomotive force due to the propagation and/or reflection of magnetohydrodynamic waves in the chromosphere. This acts on chromospheric ions, but not neutrals, and so can lead to ion-neutral fractionation. A detailed description of the model applied to closed magnetic loops, and to open field regions is given, accounting for the observed difference in solar FIP fractionation between the slow and fast wind. It is shown that such a model can also account for the observed depletion of helium in the solar wind. The helium depletion is sensitive to the chromospheric altitude where ion-neutral separation occurs, and the behavior of the helium abundance in the closed magnetic loop strongly suggests that the waves have a coronal origin. This, and other similar inferences may be expected to have a strong bearing on theories of solar coronal heating. Chromospheric waves originating from below as acoustic waves mode convert, mainly to fast mode waves, can also give rise to ion-neutral separation. Depending on the geometry of the magnetic field, this can result in FIP or Inverse FIP effects. We argue that such configurations are more likely to occur in later-type stars (known to have stronger field in any case), and that this explains the occurrence of the Inverse FIP effect in M dwarfs.Comment: Review paper submitted to Living Reviews in Solar Physics. 74 pages. Some material revised and updated from astro-ph/0405230, arXiv:0901.3350, arXiv:1110.435

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perhaps the best early model was that of Antiochos (1994). Cross B diffusion of chromospheric ions into a flux tube by a thermoelectric force associated with downward heat conducting electrons from a closed loop enhances the loop footpoint abundances of ions, but not neutrals.…”

Section: Thermoelectric Drivingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The FIP and Inverse FIP Effects in Solar and Stellar Coronae

Laming

2015

Living Rev. Sol. Phys.

287

304

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“…Second, it is well known that during space flights astronauts are exposed to a complex radiation environment consisting of 87% high-energy protons, 11% helium ions and 2% heavy charged ions, as well as being exposed to secondary radiation including neutrons. During long-term interplanetary missions, such as travel to Mars or into deeper space, it is expected that astronaut crews will accumulate doses of radiation of around 1 Sv or higher (Antipov et al, 1994;De Angelis et al, 2004;Petrov, 2004;Wilson et al, 2004;Zeitlin et al, 2004). During their careers, members of both flight crews and astronaut crews could accumulate significantly higher radiation doses than members of other occupations exposed to ionizing radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

RBE and genetic susceptibility of mouse and rat spermatogonial stem cells to protons, heavy charged particles and 1.5MeV neutrons

Vaglenov

Fedorenko²,

Kaltenboeck

2007

Advances in Space Research

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“…Results flowing from NSRL are certainly contributing to reducing uncertainties and developing effective countermeasures, but it is clear that many questions remain open. Research in space radiation biology is also ongoing at accelerators in Russia (Antipov et al, 1994) and Japan (Ando, 2001). Greater involvement of the International community is needed, especially with the goal of developing effective countermeasures before sending a manned mission to Mars, which hopefully will occur in this century.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%